Acquainted with the Night by Robert Frost Essay Example for Free

Acquainted with the Night by Robert Frost EssayWalking totally at night, for some, can seem like a peaceful thing to do, to help clear a persons judging and let the daytimes troubles disappear into the dark. For others, though, the night is when a person feels the most alone and must face their own demons. Robert Frost makes the night become that dark, grim and get down time in which people reflect on themselves in his verse form Acquainted with the Night.The first time reading the poem, one just plain thinks a person is taking a walk at night in the city, keeping to themself when meeting the watchman and listening to the sounds on the streets around, all the spell keeping time by the moon in the sky as to when to head back home. But, when taking a closer look, the reader can gravel to see the pain, grief and the foreboding feeling the utterer has ab turn out life itself, the feeling of being alone and wanting it to stay that way. It also shows that the speaker isnt th e only person with pain and grief on this night.The theme of Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night is depression and grief in the speakers personal life. Frost tells us this by using symbolism and tone in the ancestrys of the poem. I have walked out in rain and back in rain. The secant line in the poem tells the reader that whatever troubles the speaker is having or has had is so much for this person, that when they walk in the night, it doesnt content what the weather is, they get out walk and walk all night through the rain, trying to out walk their troubles.The rain can also symbolize life itself, always move one thing after another on a person, one stress after another, one heartache after another, and sometimes no social function how strong a person is, they can never get away from that rain. The following line, I have outwalked the furthest city light. tells the reader, in the literal sense, that the speaker also does not care about the distance as to which the y will walk to try to leave their troubles behind. Or it can symbolize that no matter how outlying(prenominal) a person goes in life, there is always trouble waiting. I have looked down the saddest city lane. shows the reader that the speaker, though physically alone, isnt all that alone in the grimness of life.The lane the speaker is looking down gives the reader the picture that it is run down, abandoned almost and even belike p overty stricken. The reader sees that the speaker isnt the only one with trouble and depression, it surrounds the speaker but the he sees himself as alone in that he is clothed up in his own feelings and thoughts. Even when the speaker passes the watchman on the treet, he doesnt want to explain why he is out at night and averts his eyes so that maybe he will get by without being stopped. The speaker wants to keep the solitude he has in his mind intact so he wants to avoid even speaking to the watchman. The lines 7 through 10 go more in depth of the spea kers feelings of solitude and isolation bit he is out in the night I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet When far away an interrupted cry Came over houses from another street, but not to call me back or say good-byeThe 7th line shows that the speaker really is all alone out there when base on balls there are no other sounds of people walking or going about on the street he is walking down. The speaker walking alone reflects how he feels in his everyday life, alone, no one to walk with him and take on the troubles of life. But, he isnt too far away from others because he can hear a cry from another lost soul dealing with their own turmoil. The lines 8 to 9 make the inbuilt poem come across as almost horrific, because the reader then wonders what kind of cry is it that the speaker is hearing?Is the sound of some crime? Or just another person in and dealing with their own hell? Then the final lines of the poem bring home the morbid tone of the built-in piece. Line 11, An d further still at an unearthly height symbolizes how the speaker feels about how out of reach and out of touch he is with his surroundings and maybe with life itself. The lines 12 and 13, One luminary clock against the sky / Proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor correct. makes the reader feel the dark tone of the poem even more.The reader, at this point, is brought closer to understanding the speakers feeling of loneliness and solitude because that is how most people feel, no matter when it is, it is never the aright time or the wrong time for almost anything. It feels as if one can almost never make the right call as to when to do something in their life that is important. The line 13 makes the reader wonder if the speaker is considering suicide, that the speaker is wondering if the time is ever right for committing suicide, or is it ever right for living life.The repeated line I have been one acquainted with he night as the first and last lines of the poem is the final pi ece that really sets the tone of darkness for the poem as a whole. Night is usually acquainted with darkness, scary things, loneliness, solitude, unhappiness and even depression. So the simple line brings to light the deepness of the inability of the speaker not being able to find things in common with those around him, not being able to feed up and discuss himself and his feelings and thoughts. He has known trouble and pain, and doesnt know how to leave it behind, so he carries it with him so that even during the day, he feels as if he is always in the darkness of night.Overall, Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night is a poem that can be taken just literally, or symbolically. It depends on the kind of outlook on life each person that reads the poem has. Some might not see the symbolism of the feelings of darkness, isolation and grief, while others see it right away. But either way, the reader can still feel the dark tone of the poem whether it is the first time reading it, or the hundredth, just from the beginning and ending lines, I have been one acquainted with the night.

Music-Induced Affect as Treatment of Elderly Depression Essay Example for Free

Music-Induced Affect as Treatment of Elderly Depression EssayAbstract Depression in elderly patients is one of the close prevalent psychological problems today. However, research and knowledge regarding this subject is limited and those involved in the application of this knowledge to help elderly individuals experiencing imprint are absent in efficient strategies and training. This paper aims to explore the efficacy of inducing positive take through music as a dodge in delicacying depressive disorder in elderly individuals. The paper focuses on the effectiveness of music alone as tool in treating depression based on its capability to hit positive affect. It is hypothesized that positive affect continuously induced via music within a quite a little time-period bequeath lessen signs of depression.IntroductionDepression has recently been accept as one of main psychological problems facing society today. Literature shows that treatment of depression brings to be specializ ed in terms of the population it addresses. Certain groups, such as adolescents, respond to certain treatments differently when compared to another group, such as the elderly. (Aryan Alvidres, 2001 Von Kroff et al, 2001)Depression among the elderly has specifically been found to be uncontrolled and mostly unchecked in general due to the fact that it was regarded earlier on as a normal step in an individuals aging. (Casey, 1994) The need for further research on the subject is stressed by the fact that treatments and solutions for depression among elderly individuals are studied only in areas wherein a volume of the population is in the late stages of life. (Bramesfeld, 2003)Also, research has shown that general practitioners involved in treating depression in the elderly need to have to a greater extent training and study on how best to handle depression in older patients. (Rothera et al, 2002) Diagnosis of depression is also a problem with 70-90% of depressed elderly patients going undiagnosed. (Koenig, 1999)A new strategy being researched for its effectiveness in treating depression employs the use of music techniques. Hendricks et al (1999) showed the potency of music in treating adolescent depression mainly because of its ability to inspire a change in the individuals emotions.Hanser Thomson (1994) and Hanser (1990) studies have also shown promise in the use of music techniques to treat depression in older individuals. This paper aims to validate these previous studies but go forth focus only on the musical aspect of the treatment. Previous research include exercise, muscle relaxation techniques, and recall of experiences which could have confounded the results of the previous studies at mental testinging to the effectiveness of music techniques.Research Question The goal of this paper is to determine whether there is a significant relationship between music-induced affect and depression. Can positive affect induced by music reduce depression? It is hypothesized that positive music-induced affect has a significant negative relationship with depression.Methods The design of the study is experimental and random. Specifically, it makes use of a 22 between-subjects factorial design. One covariant will be the music-induced affect which will have both levels in the experiment, presence and absence of music-induced affect. Negative music-induced affect will not be used for ethical reasons. The other variable will be the test scores of the participants assessing the intensity of their depression. This will have two levels, test scores prior to the application of the music technique and test scores acquired after application. The two variables contribute tot eh 22 factorial design. (Mann, 1949)Setting The study will be conducted in a laboratory saddle horse within primary care facilities from which the participants will be gathered. Performing the experiment in a primary care facility will be more convenient especially because the participants involved are elderly individuals. The laboratory setting will control for confounding variables that could be present in a material environment.Population The research sample will be composed of individuals from age 65 onwards coming from primary care facilities and who have been diagnosed with depression (ranging from whacky to severe). This is to avoid ethical and scientific concerns regarding clinically-induced depression.Data CollectionThe independent variable is the positive music-induced affect will be measured with the State Form of the multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R). (Zuckerman Lubin, 1985) The depression level, the dependent variable, of the participants will be measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). (Beck et al, 1961)Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group will be administered with music sessions aimed at inducing positive affect. The music will be pre-tested on a different set of par ticipants also with depression to check its validity in inducing positive affect. The control group will not be administered with music sessions and will only be administered the Beck Depression Inventory at the start and at the end of the experimentation period. The experimental group will be administered the selected music once day by day for a duration of four weeks. During the sessions, participants of the experimental set-up will be asked to clear their minds and to concentrate only on the music being played. The State Form of the octuple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised will be administered before and after each session to ensure that positive affect was induced. The Beck Depression Inventory will also be administered to this group at the start and end of the four-week experimentation period to document depression levels.Data Analysis Collected data will be analyzed statistically with the use of a one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). The computed marginal means i n the ANOVA will be the decide statistical value indicating the effect of positive music-induced affect on depression scores with the Beck Depression Inventory.Conclusion Music as a technique engaged in treating depression will provide healthcare workers and low-income families with a relatively cost-free strategy of helping elderly individuals experiencing depression. This is also a technique that doesnt request much training or medical expertise in its administration. All one would need in order to be able to administer this technique is knowledge as to which music selections are prescribed and certified to induce positive affect. This technique, because of its simplicity and speed of application, could also be used as a supplementary strategy to medication, counseling and psychotherapies being employed to treat depression in elderly patients. The research, however, has many limitations. The range of elderly individuals that will be usable for experimentation will only be con fined to a specific locality. Time constraints will also be an issue. Further study should be conducted on a larger sample size and over a longer experimentation period. Different music styles and variations can also be checked to ascertain maximum effectiveness of the treatment. Gender could also be checked as a factor. Depression is indeed a psychological problem that afflicts todays elderly individuals. Research regarding effective techniques has to be continued and expanded in order for healthcare workers to be able to best address this growing problem.ReferencesArean, P., Alvidrez, J. (2001). Treating Depressive Disorders Who Responds, Who Does non Respond, and Who Do We Need to Study? Journal of Family Practices, 50(6), 529Beck, A., Ward, C., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression, Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.Bramesfeld, A. (2003). Service provision for elderly depressed persons and political and professional sense for this subject a comparison of six European countries. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 392-401Casey, D. (1994). Depression in the elderly. Southern Medical Journal, 87(5), 559-563Hanser, S. B. (1990). A music therapy strategy for depressed older adults in the community. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 9, 283-298.Hanser, S. B., Thompson, L. W. (1994). Effects of music therapy strategy on depressed older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 49, 265-269.Hendricks, C., Robinson, B., Bradley, L., Davis, K. (1999). Using music techniques to treat adolescent depression. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education Development, 38(1), 39-46Koenig, H. (1999). Late-life depression How to treat patients with comorbid chronic illness.Geriatrics, 54(5), 56-61Mann, H.B. (1949). Analysis and design of experiments analysis of variance and analysis of variance designs. New York, capital of Delaware Publications.Rothera, I., Jones, R., Gordon, C. (2002). An examination of the atti tudes and practice of general practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of depression in older people. International Journal Of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 354-358Von Kroff, M., Katon, W., Wells, K., Wagner, E. (2001). Improving Depression finagle Barriers, Solutions, and Research Needs. Journal of Family Practice, 50(6), 529-561Zuckerman M, Lubin B. (1985) Manual for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised. San Diego Educational and Industrial Testing

The Theory Of The Doctrine Of Affections

The Theory Of The philosophy Of AffectionsWe will doubt, outset, whether all of the things that have fallen under our senses, or which we have forever imagined, any one (of them) really exist in the first place, beca occasion, we know by experience that the senses sometimes err and it would be imprudent to trust alike much to what has once deceived us secondly, in dreamswe imagine numerable objects which have no existence.1In this quote Descartes explains that senses be unreliable and that we cannot trust them for they have been turn out to lie. It is interesting, then, that medicine is such a popular art form, for it depends heavily, and almost solely upon listening. While a full knowledge and understanding of music cannot be discoer from a purely auditory approach, simply listening to music has the ability to subconsciously entice emotions within an audience. This link between mood and sonority grew from antediluvian Greek philosophy and extended well beyond the eighteen th-century, but came to its height during the Baroque Period (ca. 1570-1780). The Baroque idea called the Doctrine of Affections held this idea to be on- differentiate it was the belief which held that by making use of the appropriate and established musical methods of the time, the composer could get to a piece of music which was able to produce a special and involuntary emotional response within the audience. It was a compilation of honey oilghts and musical techniques from many composers and philosophers from age of the Enlightenment, most prevalently Ren Descartes.2As previously stated, some of the principles of this concept interpret back centuries, to philosophers such as Aristotle, who showed that orators employed the rhetorical means to control and necessitate the emotions of their audiences.3 However, musically the idea came to its height during the age of the Enlightenment and can be seen throughout Baroque music in instrumental pieces of great composers such as Bach and Rameau, but is especially profound in opera, imputable to the greater emotional stimulation ca utilise by music and text simultaneously portrayed.The Theory of the Doctrine of Affections originated with Descartes. Descartes believed that music was centered on rationalized truth he held that the ideas of science may not be favorable to the arts, but the understanding of science enhanced the arts possibilities. This idea relates back to his rationalist idea which was represented in the Doctrine of Affections that knowledge is found in concepts, principles, and laws, and not just in experiences or unrefined sensations.4 As such, by using scientific inquiry to understanding the biologic workings of the form it was possible to attain accuracy and specific truth upon these systems which could then be used within music to rouse charitable emotions, and hence could increase the potential of the arts. But, simultaneouslyBy using empirical observationthey may come to accept some syst em which has logical consistency, but unforesightful relevance to the world in which we live.5Using the ideas of scientific observation in this way could greatly inhibit the very purpose of musical stockion.The very invertebrate foot of the Doctrine of Affections can be summed up by a rationalist idea, which states that when human emotions and thoughts were suitably written within the poetry or libretto for a extra composition, the texts could then be enhanced with a proper musical line, in an attempt to bring intellectual abstractions into the realm of the cultate concrete.6 The Passions, according to DescarteInclude love, sadness, hatred, desire, wonder, delight, and sorrow. Passions argon predicated by actions of the soul and set into motion by contents of the blood stream. The soul is excited by the moving passions which direct a mans will. It is on the passions, full or evil, that life depends. Passions have an effect on the psyche, and uses the idea believed by philosop hers and Biologists, that passions are found in the spirits contained in the blood stream.7Each passion is associated with a specific physiological symptom. For example, the breath might accelerate and the heart beat may quicken. Descartes believed that it was possible to predict the external emotions that would upshot from the various passions the music intended to wind. His influence over composition was remarkable.8Writers that followed, such as Johann Mattheson, described the composers thought process towards composition as such that the music does not express the emotion of the composer to be, for example, sad and anguished, but rather the composers attempt to create a work of art which would sadden the listeners. Also, he says that this emotional power which the music has over the listener is not necessarily outwardly shown, but the emotional effect is personal and comes from the listeners individual experiences.9Descartes Compendium Musicae and his Traite des passionse lame (catalogues or compilations of the base human passions10), which became popular during the Baroque period became widely studied. These publications were two of many of the age, but were the first to give musicians tangible and practical directions for appropriate and affective use of intervals, for example, apt emotions tended to be represented with wide intervals, while sadness was represented with narrower intervals.11As aforementioned, the emotional reaction to the effect which music has upon the body, used in attempt to direct the emotions of the audience, was particularly profound when used in vocal music music, especially opera, due to the text to music sexual intercourseship which enhanced the expressive development. This was a concept before derived from Greek and Latin Doctrines on rhetoric and oratory12 and withal expressed within the philosophy of the Doctrine of Affections. In each individual piece, the composer would try to arouse a particular type of emotion with in the audience, for example, hate, anger, jealousy, or rage, but would only use one emotion at a time. He would use particular musical devises to entice emotion within the listener, which would parallel the ability of text to do the same.13One of the most famous of Baroque composers was Handel. He believed that perspicuousness and simplicity had the greatest effect upon human emotion as he endeavored to write for the voice, more in the natural tones of the human affections and passions.14( A study in Handelian Thought 55)As such, Handel composed greatly within the concepts of the Doctrine of Affections, in attempt to provoke the passions and incite human emotions. Also, conductor Nicholas McGegan believes that Handel had great brain wave into underlining human emotion and his characters are absolutely human.15As previously stated, Handel composed within the realm of the philosophy of the Doctrine of Affections. As such, his arias and oratorios are written in such a way to combine the emotional context of the libretto with a musical line which would unconsciously bring about predetermined emotions within the audience. cardinal types of arias found during the Baroque period were those that depicted rage, rapture, and lost love. consort to Johann Mattheson rage is much better at using all forms of musical inventions than more gentle passions. However, it is not adequate enough to simply use loud dynamics and quick rhythms, as this violent quality has its own personality and requires forceful feel without losing sight of the beauty of the musical line.16The main devices used during a rage aria can be seen in an expanded theory of intervals explained by the Philosopher and Composer Rameau. Assuming that the basic human qualities of rage include anger, violence, sorrow, graveness, harshness, and aggression, Rameau would conclude that a rage aria would include whole and half steps, used to represent anger or sadness due to the contraction of the body minor thi rds, descending fourths, augmented fourths, minor sixths, and major s level offths. Also rage or anger would be seen in a turbulent tempo and most likely a minor find.17The rage arias of Handel directly follow this division.Handels famous aria Empio, dir, tu sei from his opera Giulio Cesare is a classic example of a insaneness aria. The first importance of this piece in terms of the Doctrine of Affections is the textEmpio, dir, tu seiTogliti agli occhi mieiSie tutto crudeltNon di re quell cor,Che donasi al rigorChe in sen non ha pieta(I say you are a villain,Remove yourself from my sight,You are cruelty itself.This is not the heart of a kingThat abandons itself to such harshness,That contains no pity.)This is Giulio Cesares furious Act 1 aria in which he chastises the Egyptian general, Achilla, who has just returned to him the detached head of the Pompeo, the noble Roman general. This aria expresses Ceasars rage, and as such, Handel wrote it in c minor and in the tempo Allegro. The aria also includes many speed scales, arpeggios, and uneven figures. From the very first opening line, the orchestral overture creates uneasiness and dread in the listener by use of running scales, large leaps, and fumbling intervals (m1- 9) this agitation is affirmed by a very strong vocal entrance by the castrato, Giulio Cesare, which begins with a descending scaler line and is followed by larger leaps (m.11). . Throughout, the vocal line can be described as extremely intense- containing extensive coloratura with rushing scales (m14-16 m24-25 32-34), arpeggios, and drastic interval changes would create an understanding of rage even in a listener who did not understand the phrases, for example, when Cesare says Sie tutto crudelt (You are cruelty itself), the vocal line implements jumping intervals as well as a draft chromatic passage (m35-37) Also, throughout the piece the orchestra is particularly restless, and includes running passages, large leaps, arpeggiated figures, which also create an uneasiness. All of these factors contribute to quickening the heartbeat of the listener, providing them with an emotional relation and understanding of Giulio Cesare, just as if they, themselves were the raging party. The understanding of the text along with the extreme musical line and accompaniment creates an even more vivid mental picture of Cesares intense anger and rage and pulls the listener even further into the emotion, raising the blood pressure further and thus, physiologically causing the raging and uneasy emotion within the listener.Among the passions was also the emotion of joy. Mattheson held thatjoy was an expansion of our soul, and thus it follows that reasonably and naturally that one could best express this affect by large and expanded intervals.18According to Rameau merry music was also represented by great intervals, but additionally was shown with Major key and fast tempo.19The Air Oh Had I Jubals lyre from the Oratorio Joshua by Handel im plements these philosophies within the vocal line and orchestral accompaniment.Oh, had I Jubals lyre,Or Miriams tuneful voiceTo sounds like his I would aspire,In songs like hers rejoice.My humble strains but faintly show,How much to Heavn and thee I owe.This is one of Handels later works, and it is based upon the biblical stories of Joshua. Essentially, Moses and the Israelites, later being freed from Egypt are told by God that they must maintain their faith to him for 40 years in the wilderness before being allowed into the promise land, they do not obey him and send in spies to check out the land after two years. Long story short, Joshua and Caleb, of the younger generation maintain their faith within God and are thus allowed to enter the Promise land, while the disbelievers perished in the desert. In the bible, Jubal is quoted as being the ancestor of all who handle lyre and pipe20and Miriam is the sister of Moses and Aaron who was believed to have been a prophet. This is a sim ple song of happiness and value sung by Achsah, the daughter or Caleb. Firstly, the piece is written in A major and in the tempo Allegro. From the opening of the piece, large and sonorous intervals and chords are heard and a feeling of ease and happiness is apparent. When the soprano, Achsah enters, her line outlines an A major chord (m 10-11) and continues to move within a beautiful major key area. Although in some parts of the piece there are running passages (m21-24 m41-44 m 46-47) there continues to be large intervals and major chords throughout the accompaniment below. This constancy below the quickly moving and florid passages allows the emotion of joy and happiness to be maintained throughout the piece. The piece begins and ends in a major key and throughout it implements large intervals and a consonant tone. These foundations musically create a joyous emotion within the audience because they entice openness within the body physiologically the listeners emotional reaction, therefore directly parallels the sonority of the musical line and accompaniment.Another of the passions outlined by Descartes included love. Within opera, a common theme of unrequited or lost love is prevalent. This absence of love, which is sought by a character, brings about an emotion which is a combination of sadness and hope, and abstractly creates love. On sadness Mattheson statesSadness is a contraction of the subtle parts of out bodyit is easy to see that the small and smallest intervals are most suitable for this passion.21To create the feeling of lost love, this emotion is combined with the passion for hope. In regards to this emotion Mattheson explainsHope is a pleasant and soothing thing it consists of a joyful passion which fills the spirit with certain courage. Hence, this effect demands the loveliest use of voice and the sweetest combination of sounds in the world, for which courageous longing serves as a spur as it were yet so that even joy is only moderate, courage nevertheless enlivens and animates everything, which yields the best combination and uniting of sounds in composition.22This combination of the passions of sadness and hope can be used to understand the emotion of love. Mattheson shows thisLove is in fact essentially a diffusion of the spirits.23Love is therefore a diffusion or combination of joy or hope (expansion) and sadness (contraction), depending upon the type of love which is occurring. For example new and young love would be represented in a more joyous way, with larger and more expansive intervals musically. However, lost or unrequited love would be represented to attract sadness or small intervals, but also to entice hope, by using larger and more expansive intervals which are pleasant and soothing, because the character continues maintains some hope that love will eventually result from the sadness and loss, thus musically drawing the listeners into their melancholy but optimistic emotion.The philosophies of the Doctrine of Affections can again be seen in the aria O Sleep, why dost thou leave me? from the opera Semele by Handel.O sleep,O sleep, why dost thou leave me?Why doust thou leave me?Why thy visionary joys remove?O sleep,O sleep,O sleep again deceive me,O sleep again devieve me,To my arms posit my wandring love,My wandring love,Restore my wandring love,Again deceive me,O sleep,To my arms, restore my wandring love.The plot line of the opera is essentially thus Semele is in love with Jupiter, but is about to Marry a man called Cadmus at the temple of Juno. out front the ceremony, however, Semele is snatched from the temple and taken to the heavens where Jupiter builds her a grand palace. Juno is angered by this and asks the god of sleep, Somnus, to help her in her revenge. In this aria Semele has been deprived of sleep, and thus, deprived of her dreams of her lover who cannot be with her. The piece is written in a major key, but in the tempo largo. This, from the first chord of the piano, sh ows the parallel between happiness and sadness that are present during lost love, the emotion of hope can be seen in the large interval jumps in the left hand of the piano accompaniment (m1-4) Semeles first phrase is very quiet, slow and repetitive it uses a beautiful scalar line of second intervals to show her anguish for the loss of her lover within dreams. underneath her beautiful line is a similarly running pattern within the piano, which is characterized with some leaps to bring about a slight feeling of hope and happiness (m 8 in both hands m 9 in both hands m11-end in the arpegiated left hand) The sadness comes to a height on the second page when there is a long running passage upon the word wandring, (m 17-18), but hope is seen in the ending of the piece with the interval leaps upon the word restore, coming to the climatic and beautifully quiet G sharp, before desending again into sadness (m24-25).

Academic and professional work experience goal statement

Academic and professional work familiarity goal statementACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL GOAL STATEMENTValuable work experience has helped me to develop strong qualitative architectural expertise along with good leadership and communication skills. This has helped me to tackle complex issues in my field of work and gives me the agency to pursue post graduate studies. I am Sruthi female horse George, currently working in an architectural consultants firm as a Junior Architect. With a strong desire to create artistic, creative and imaginative building structures, I chose Bachelor of Architecture for my under graduate studies. After completing my bachelors, my next whole step was to get a job in a challenging and dynamic environment and so I did find one as soon as I returned to my p arnts residing in United Arab Emirates. Throughout my work tenure so far, I have been working on challenging design projects which emphasized on creating healthy and eco-friendly buildings and environment. One of the major requirements to be fulfilled while planning and designing of the projects was the attainment of a PEARL 2 rating, a class of sustainable approach known as ESTIDAMA which consists of sustainable planning strategies. This field influenced me to know more about the environmental aspects in order to widen my knowledge and biography skills.With the rise of disasters occurring around the world, we as humans need to be certified of the factors that lead to these natural calamities. A a couple of(prenominal) environmental issues identified would be as follows Global warming Climate change being youngly observed is the main result of this global warming. The ozone layer of the earth being depleted with the increase use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerants, propellants and solvents, emission of carbon dioxide from burning of fossil fuels (petrol, diesel, kerosene) and other greenhouse gases. This degradation of the ozone layer affects the ultraviolet filtration of the suns radiation, causing the earths temperature to rise and having negative impacts on the living beings on earth. Energy exhaustion Tremendous use of non renewable sources such as fossil fuels, natural gas and coals over the years are being depleting and adverse effects on air quality causing human and environmental problems. These needs to be replaced with renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass energies etc. Landfill waste With the increase in population and their activities, waste disposal is taking place on a higher rate. The adverse effects of this landfill wastes are pollution of the environment, emission of methane gases which is a greenhouse gas leading to the depletion of the ozone layer and other hazardous impact on the livings things and the environment. This needs to be reduced by incorporating waste reduction and recycling strategies.Threat to ecosystems and endangered species Biodiversity enhances the productivity of the ecosy stems. Threat to biodiversity leads to the destruction of the ecosystem, thus affecting the ecological pyramid and the food web. A recent article which caught my eyes, a killing game of dolphins and whales which takes place in Denmark by the local teens to show that they adults. These creatures have become near to extinction due to this.disforestation Due to the increase in human population and their activities, conversion of forests to non- forest areas for knowledge purpose is on a rise. This contributes to the increase of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, loss of biodiversity and soil erosion leading to natural calamities. Pollution Air pollution resulting from the burning of fossil fuels from vehicles and industries, hence affecting the environment and the health of humans. corrupting water bodies by disposal of wastes leads to degradation of the ecosystem and human health issues.A masters degree in environmental studies would help me to become personally aware of th e existing and future environmental issues arising in todays world. It would help me to understand the issues on a broader aspect of view and to resolve them by creating environmental friendly designs bestow to the wellness of the social economy and for the beneficial use of the future generations. The main environmental specialization that I would like to do is the studies on sustainable development as this combines the social, economic and environmental aspects. As this field, is going global and is one of the major considerations in todays world, specializing in this field would be of international standards and quality.University of Illinois is one of the few and reputable institutions in the world to offer an innovative course which combines environmental studies and sustainable development as a joint online program without having me to compromise on my current working status. Hence I sought to pursue my higher education here.If given a chance to pursue my post graduate studie s in University of Illinois for Masters of Environmental studies specializing in sustainable development and policy, I would prove myself to be an asset by my hard work and dedication to the department and the university.Thanking you.Sincerely,Sruthi Maria George

Fedex Vietnam Strategic Annalysis Marketing Essay

Fedex Vietnam St ramblegic Annalysis Marketing EssayEstablished in 1973 nether the name federal official verbalise by founder Frederick Smith, the comp whatsoever quickly became leading transportation serve up tolerater. In 1994, the company changed its mane to FedEx Corp.Nowadays, FedEx Corp includes seven subordinate companies that argon FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, FedEx Kinkos, FedEx Customs Critical, FedEx Trade Net put to work and FedEx overhaul. These companies way on its incumbrance operate but as well as support each opposite in providing node with serious lam of transportation returns and logistics.FedEx is handling more than 3.6 mil softw atomic number 18 products a day and is very famous for its excellent utilitys and for the innovation that it brings to the gentleman of transportation.Eng-logo-4C.jpgFedEx Express operates with 2 sub-companies, which are FedEx Express outside(a) and FedEx Express US Domestic, FedEx Express is providing its usefulnesss to more than 220 countries and territories worldwide.Under FedEx Express International are 3 regional Divisions which are FedEx LAC (for US, Canada and Latin American), FedEx EMEA (for Euro, Middle East and Africa) and FedEx APAC (Asia peaceful region). FedEx Vietnam belongs to FedEx APAC Division (Federal Pacific Inc) with head right in Hong Kong.Mission and StrategyMissionFedEx great deal get out produce superior financial returns for its shareowners by providing high value-added logistics, transportation and related strain religious services through focused operating companies. client requirements go away be met in the highest smell manner appropriate to each market segment served. FedEx get out strive to develop mutually riposteing relation embarks with its employees, partners and suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all achievements. Corporate activities will be conducted to the highest ethical and professional surviveards.1With this mission statemen t, FedEx defines the industry it develop the vexation, the financial returns for shareowners, relationships with shareholders. FedEx also use for high quality and professional standard as well as safety to contest and develop the stage business.This mission is also going with P-S-P philosophy which stand for People Service Profit meaning FedEx focus and invest in People and believe that only outdo people can create blue-chip service. And certainly, valued service will bring m superstary to the company.StrategyFedEx also defines the objectives which must work seamlessly and simultaneously on three levelsCompetition collectivelycompete by standing as one brand worldwide. Just one FedEx brand and speak one voice.Operating must be independentby focvictimization on independent worldwide networks to take over node needs.Managing collaborativelyby on the job(p) together to gain loyal relationships from workforce, guests and investors.FedEx Express in VietnamBusiness explanati onFedEx has set up its work in Vietnam since 1994, right after US government lifted the allot embargo to Vietnam. Its business model in Vietnam is agency in which FedEx services are provided to customers through FedExs partners. And FedEx global service partner (GSP) in Vietnam was Post and Tele discourse Express JSC a company belong to Vietnam Post Corporation which has nationwide network for pickup and pitching until 2009. Since past, the contract with this GSP was terminated and Seabornes and Danatrans were appointed to be new GSPs in Vietnam.At the same clip of launching its services in Vietnam, FedEx representative delegacy was opened. The office role is to carry out market research, coordinate the communication among FedEx in VN and different countries, facilitating the implementation of contracts/agreements between FedEx Pacific Inc and other Vietnamese organizationsUnder the agency contract, the GSPs provide manpower, facilities, and vehicles to bring FedEx service t o customers. It is also responsible for customs headway site for import and export activities. FedEx chair responsibilities of all gross revenue and market activities. It also supervises and supports GSPs in devising the service meet with FedEx global standard and customers requirement. These supports include but not limit to customer service, informatics engineering science, pricing, billing. flow rately FedEx Vietnam provides country wide services with 2 main stations in capital of Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh city but develop service is only provided to study provinces/cities.The station in Ho Chi Minh City handles all inbound and outbound expeditiousness to and from the south of Vietnam (southern of Hue). It has its own door for customs clearance and 4 world service centres.The station in Hanoi handles shipments to and from north of Vietnam. Beside its own gateway in Hanoi, it also has 3 world service centres for walk in customers.FedEx is providing direct pick up and obst etrical delivery service to all major cities/provinces in Vietnam. For the other areas, the pick up and delivery is made by using domestic express service of Vietnam Post Corp.Mission and ObjectivesMissionFedEx Vietnam together with its partners will implement FedEx philosophy People-Service-Profit. We will be market leader with the best international express service at global standard. We will gain profit root on our core business competitiveness and the efficiency of the investment in Vietnam. We will bring customer with satisfaction for each and every transaction. (FedEx Vietnam Mission statement)Main objectivesStandardize service in Vietnam at global standard by having its own employee to succumb service to customer.Become customers top in mind express serviceAnnual development rate at 15%In the context of current recession in developed countries, these are challenging objectives. The downturn in industrial countries will lead to a decline in export of developing countries an d Vietnam is not an exception. Demand for transportation of export commodities is predicted to be declined until 2014 along with a weak economy.To hold on the annual growing at 15%, FedEx needs to both extend the operation to new markets and expand its market share at current service area by promoting its competitive advantages.This is a hard time for all companies in air express industry, but it can be a true opportunity for FedEx to consolidate its position over the competitor. Competitive advantage is the learn and more than ever a right strategy to promote competitiveness is very critical to FedEx.OrganizationFedEx Representative OfficeWith the roles to support and supervise GSP in providing FedEx services to customers, FedEx representative office is organized as billetal model. suppose 9 FedEx VN representative office organization chartCountry managerHAN OperationmanagerHAN Sales motorbusHAN ramp managerSGN OperationmanagerHAN CSmanagerSGN CSmanagerCountry coordinatorSGN ra mp managerSGN SalesManagerInside salesManagerRevenue opsManager scoreManagerMarketingManagerTechnology serviceManagerDirect reportIndirect report author FedEx country Review, 2011At top of the representative office is Chief Representative, Senior Manager for FedEx Indochina and Myanmar who has very good knowledge about market, culture and working style of Vietnamese people. He directly manages operation function and also gets indirect reports from other available groups.Operations This group includes station operation (for pick up and delivery), gateway operation (for customs clearance), ramp operation and customer service operation. The group is responsible for managing all operation activities in accordance to FedEx service standardAirport ramp This group is under operation and responsible for aircraft operation include loading and unloading of shipment on/from aircraft, landing/take off paperworkCountry Coordinator Admin the communication to all GSPs in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia a nd Myanmar on policy, regulation actsSales This group report to regional sales. They are responsible for selling FedEx services to customer.Marketing Perform market research, design and implement marketing plan under direction of regional marketing management.Billing and collection Control all GSPs invoicing and collecting activities. All customer debts are managed by this group.Accounting Control all bearment transactions of FedEx in Vietnam and perform all other accounting activities.Technical service Responsible for FedEx communication network, customer technology solutions.GSP organizationGSP has two independent teams to work at FedEx agency in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city. They both report to Seabornes head office. But in daily operation, they are under supervision of FedEx functional groups from representative office.The team in Hanoi includes 69 GSP employees with 1 General Manager and 4 functional managers.In Ho Chi Minh effect of employees is 125 with 1 General manager and 7 functional managersBusiness result overviewFigure10 FedEx Vietnam tax income from 2006 to 2011(Unit 1000 USD) offset FedEx country review 2011As indicated in Figure 10, FedEx had very good growth in tax revenue. Total revenue grew by 3 clock from 2006 to 2011. The revenue increased at 100% in 2008 after FedEx up gauged it feeder capacity from 3 tons to 6 tons to Ho Chi Minh city. FedExs core products International Priority (IP) and International Priority Freight (IPF) are the main contribution. After the sharp increase in 2008, revenue of these core services grew steady at 10-12% a year.Revenue of IXF (air port to airport) service took a relatively small part of total revenue. However growing rate of this product has been extremely high since 2009 when the company sell this service to some forwarders to explore their existing customers.Figure 11 FedEx business performance from 2006 to 2011(Unit 1000USD)Source FedEx country review 2011Figure 11 shows both revenue and profit o f FedEx on good growth. However with increased ratio of IXF shipment (which are low yield per kg for swelled shipments), expense was getting bigger and made profit growing rate in 2009, 2010 and 2011 lower than revenue growing rate.Strategic AnnalysisInternal Factor military rank (IFE)Human resourceThe philosophy P-S-P (People-Service-Profit) is cornerstone of FedEx. This can be considered a success cycles of FedEx in which the company take care of its employees and assist them in generate excellent service to customer. That excellent service in return brings Profit to FedEx and enables the company to take a better care to its work force. Thank to this, FedEx is umpteen times voted as most admired company by Fortune Magazine. In many major markets in LAC and APAC, FedEx is voted as one of the best companies to work for.Bring that philosophy in business, FedEx attracts a very excellent team for its representative office in Vietnam.Figure12 FedEx rep office personnel (Experienced a nd Education)Source FedEx VN HR profile.Figure 12 shows number of FedEx employee divided by work group and education/experience categories.All FedEx managers (1 senior manager and 6 managers in Ho Chi Minh city, 4 managers in Hanoi) are very experienced in express industry.Sales team is young but very aggressive in selling with 10 for Ho Chi Minh city and 5 for Hanoi.Ramp team includes two groups with equal number of employee, one at Noi Bai airport and the other one at Tan Son Nhat airport.Functional group include employee at marketing, accounting and billing/collectionAs reflected, 100% FedEx representative office employees are graduated with 29.31% of the employees are holding master degree. With this strong back ground and excellent human development programs through training, couching all FedEx employees are well(p) and knowledge in the field that they are responsible.Most of FedEx employees have long term commitment with the company. Many of them stay with the office since it was established. The package benefit and the reward program at FedEx not only keep its employees commit to stay a long time with the office, but also upgrade them to perform their best in daily job.But in contrast, the FedEx GSP is a Vietnamese and young company so the recruitment, human resource policy is very variant. This leads to poor quality of the work force and impacts to the image of the company in Vietnam. Employees in many cases are not care about productivities. Their attitude in making service is not very much acknowledged and appreciated by customers. This hit the level of FedEx service in Vietnam.However in recent years, with the changes of GSP management and higher(prenominal) demand from customers, some positive changes have been made. The GSP frontline managers and employees attitude to customers and to the service quality issue has been improved. Those employees that could not adapt to this change have been replaced. This in long browse will have positive contr ibution to FedEx operation. But in short term, high turnover of employee impacts to the operation, especially when the new one lack of experience.Over all, the working skills of GSP employees are met with job requirement. However their English is not so good. Especially the couriers who are directly handling shipment for customers. This is room for improvement that FedEx can do to further standardize its service in Vietnam.FinanceFedEx Vietnam is a dependent branch of FedEx Pacific Inc. All finance planning and management is performed at piece level. The two major finance activities that done at local level are customer debt management and operation cost management.Customer debt managementAt FedEx, 90% of the shipment transportation charges are billed to customer accounts and the billing options can be to shipper, to consignee or to third party. That makes it very convenient for customer to ship with the company. But on the other hand it brings risk to the company if the payers ref use to pay and the re-bill is done in late (Shipper must takes the final responsibility to pay transportation charge when using FedEx service. In case the charge billed to recipient or 3rd party but payer refuse to pay, then it will be billed back to the shipper).Under agency contract GSP takes responsible for collection of the debt from customer. However their limitation in managing this area makes the on time collection of the payment is not high. Bad debt at 2% and over due(p) debt at about 15% lower the working capital.However as reflected in Figure 11, FedEx revenue is increased year on year and the company has a good profit ratio. In addition, with FedEx Pacific Inc as a mother company, FedEx finance is on strong base.Operation cost managementThough most of the ground operation costs are overcompensateed by GSP under agency contract, in that location are areas for FedEx to ensure and save cost. They includeCost for using commercial flights (where FedEx flight is not in ope ration)Cost for revenue supplies (Supplies that provided to customer for them to use FedEx service give care airway bill, packing material)Cost for claim settlement (for damage, late or missing shipment)At FedEx there is an index anticipate cost per package in which all costs raise from handling a package is taken into account and bi-weekly management has a meeting to review it. This is a good tool for continuous improvement of cost saving. In 2010 the company had saved in average 2.3% of its cost per package in compare to the previous year.FacilitiesAll the ground facilities are under GSP charge. But with booming business in past few years, the investment of the GSP on to this did not meet with requirement. Size of business in 2011 was almost 3 times larger than the one in 2006, but there was no major investment to expand ground facilities. That makes the station buildings and warehouses become too congested for FedEx operation and impacts to productivity and the service quality. Figure 13 FedEx ground facilityCurrentRequired2Gateway800 sqm1500 sqmStation2000 sqm2500 sqmNumber of van2426Number of truck55Number of motor-bike2020Source FedEx IE report 2011Beside ground facility, communication network is very critical for FedEx. The network is not only for communication among FedEx locations, but also for posting and modify of shipment status. The network is considered as back bone of FedEx service.In Vietnam the company has its own lease lines to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh. The lease lines are upgraded to meet with demand of growing business. The latest upgrade in earlier 2010 increased the lease lines capacity to 256 KBps. A broad band line was also established to be backup network for the lease line. This helps to avoid service impact due to communication problem.MarketingMarketing function in Vietnam is more on the implementation. Marketing planning is done at regional level by marketing management. With this arrangement, there is only 1 marketing specialist in FedEx Vietnam to cover the total country. She has very throttle decision making power on marketing plan.Most of the marketing campaigns in Vietnam are small with very limited budget. There is lack of big campaign in media that attracted mass audience. In Vietnam the new emerging market, FedEx does not have commercial TV advertisement musical composition its major competitor DHL spends heavily on this.In past few years, FedEx involved in numerous of activities for community benefit like building 3 schools in Nam Dinh and Quang Nam, sponsoring transportation of medicine and equipment for Heart to Heart organization, major sponsor for OBIS flying hospital to Vietnam in 2007 and 2010, APEC summit in 2006. These activities were very efficient in bringing benefit to the community, but were not very well promoted by marketing and the number of earned media was not large.In terms of product that FedEx introduced to Vietnam market, the service is more diversify to provide customs more option for their shipment. Currently FedEx provide following services International Priority (IP) This is fast, customs-cleared, door-to-door pickup and delivery of shipments to all international computer addresss for package weighted lower than 68 kgs. For those destinations in AsiaOne (all major cities in Asia) net work, document or packages sending under this service will be delivered on the day after ship date. This is FedEx Express core service in Vietnam International Economy (IE) This service is similar to IP service, but the transit time is longer than IP service and shipping rate is lower than IP. International Priority Freight (IPF) This is priority service using for package heavier than 68 kgs. This service is only available in designated cities/countries International Economy Freight (IEF) This is a new service launched in 2010 using for packages over 68kg. Customer use this service does not need a fast transit time. The price rate is lower than IPF and transit time is longer certainly. International priority Distribution (IPD) This is customized service using for customer who send shipment at different consignees at same country. The shipper can send all of them under 1 shipment and FedEx will separate the shpt to delivery to each consignee. This service is only available to some country and normally for global customerBeside the range of services provided, FedEx rate to each customer is different base on the customer mickle. However this is not the main competition tools of FedEx. The company is more focus on its differentiation by excellent service.Despite of some weaknesses in marketing in Vietnam, FedEx brand is quite well known in business society thanks to its global image. However, to reach the level on brand awareness that FedEx has in other markets, marketing function in Vietnam should play a more active role.SalesIn 2008, FedEx took over all sales activities from GSP. All sales personnel belong to FedEx. This enables the company to rec ruit and keep endowment fund employee for this important function. The performance of sales team has been improved since thenCurrently sales team is organized under 3 sub-teams to take care of different groups of customers Global sales Take care of global accounts. These global customers are big accounts and very demanding for service quality. As many big international companies are setting up their business in Vietnam, revenue from this group of customer is growing very fast. In 2006, it took only 8% of total revenue, but in 2011 it took up to 27% Telesales Take care of small accounts. There are low revenue customers but most profitable ones. Revenue from small customer takes 18% of the total FedEx Vietnam revenue.Field sales Most of customer that taken care of by field sales are local importers/exporters. This area of sales have steady annual growth at 20% in recent year thank to strong growth in international trade in VietnamWith this arrangement, sales team can be more focus on targeted customer, hence the performance is improved.Figure 14 FedEx sales volume from 2006 to 2011(Unit 1 package)Source FedEx country Review 2011Before 2008, sales only focus on selling outbound, but with global sales network, both outbound and inbound volumes are taken care by sales. This supports strong growth of inbound volume (Figure 14). The exception in 2010 the inbound volume was down turn due to the fisrt year sales under direct management.OperationAir craft operation With the launch of A310 to Vietnam in September 2009, FedEx increased its aircraft capacity to 5 times bigger than before3. The aircraft upgrade enables FedEx to introduce more services in and out of Vietnam. The company now can better secure space for its shipment and reduce the risk of dependence on commercial flights.The A310 serves both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city. This first time ever FedEx aircraft arrives in Hanoi making big service improvement for the capital city. Transit time reduce by 1 day for bot h inbound and outbound.This was an excellent preparation for FedEx Asia hub motility to China in first half of 20094.Station operation Operating under agency contract, FedEx is facing with number of issues for its station operation because of differences in business strategy. Investments in work forces, vehicles, equipments are not adequate.Coverage area of FedEx service in Vietnam is large while number of couriers is limited with 30 in Hanoi and 60 in Ho Chi Minh city making it a big challenge for pick up and delivery, particularly on the surge volume dates.With booming of EPZ and Industrial Park country wide, many provinces become potential markets for air express service. However FedEx direct pick up and delivery service is only available in big cities/provinces. In other provinces, pick up/delivery is provided through a domestic express service. It means any customs in non-direct service want to use FedEx service they have to send the shipment to FedEx by domestic service first . And the same arrangement for delivery, FedEx will have domestic service to deliver package to customer in these areas. This not only makes transit time for the package longer but also impacts to service quality that customer suppose to receive when they use FedEx service.FedEx in Vietnam operates with standard procedure of FedEx global. However the ability of courier team, especially English sermon and reading skill is not good making barrier for them to learn and consult customers on shipping requirement.There is lack of rewarding program to encourage courier team, so productivity and the over all performance is not very good.Gateway operation FedEx has 2 gateways in Vietnam, one for Hanoi and the other for Ho Chi Minh city. Both gateways are in the same buildings with stations. That makes it convenient for customers in case they have to come to do customs clearance. But it is a disadvantage for the company to maximize the use of air craft arrival time.The main job of gateway is to ensure shipments are clear customs at shortest time, reduce number of shipment pending in customs warehouse. In Vietnam, FedEx is the first company that was selected by Vietnam customs to implement electronic clearance. By applying technology in to clearance process, this area of service has been improved remarkable. The percentage of shipment released for same day delivery in 2010 is 50% higher than the one in 2007.However the constraints of ware houses and clearance facilities and the lack of customs regulations on express clearance make this clearance still not yet reaches its height of potential.Customer service operation Customer oriented system and excellent internal communication network are very supportive tools to customer service agents to successfully handle transaction with customer. However, the weakness of call centre which under GSP control with lack of necessary equipments makes it difficult for FedEx to measure and control call quality. There is considered numbe r of complaints regarding to customer service in Vietnam. This is contrast with FedEx customer service in other countries where most of customer praise FedEx for professional, helpful and customer oriented service.In addition, shortage of manpower for this group in Hanoi (with only 3 persons) reduces the ability to handle customer calls to FedEx at this city.Service quality management Service quality is non-compromised issue at FedEx. It makes FedEx different from competitor. The quality driven management concept has been put in FedEx today business.With that strategy, service quality is also one of the top priorities for FedEx in Vietnam. The company is very good in making all KPI (key performance index) in service to be measurable and has strong systems to control it.Service quality is measured by both network system (base on system scan) and data collection from practice. A group of operation probity is formed up. This group is supported by advisors at regional level. The group is doing root cause analysis for all service issues and coordinates with respective operation teams for disciplinal action plan.The quality report is made on daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly depend on KPI. Bi-weekly there is meeting among all managers to review service quality issue for necessary actions.With this mechanism, quality improvement is continuous process at FedEx.Information Technology (IT)Information plays very important role with express company like FedEx. Provide customer with accurate and updated information is as important as on time delivery of the package. Within FedEx operation teams, information exchange and communication among the teams is also very critical for its success. FedEx in Vietnam has its own lease line to ensure the connection of network. This system is operated and managed by very experience and skilful IT team. poem of IT projects have been implemented in past few years to bring benefit to FedEx and its customersAutomation shipping tool With so ftware installed at customer site, customer does not need to wait for FedEx to bring in shipping forms for manual completion but they can create the form on their own at any time. With this customer can complete shipping document for many shipment just in few minutes. This helps FedEx to save cost while provide more convenience to customers.Transmission of shipping documents images FedEx Vietnam now can transmit all shipping documents of its export shipments to countries of destination before shipment departs. With this ability, FedEx in destination does not need to wait for shipments arrival to retrieve the documents but having these documents much earlier than the physical shipment arrives. So they can do pre-arrival customs clearance and ensure that the shipment is immediate released for delivery once it arrives. This tremendously improves the service and saves FedEx hundred thousands of UDS a year for fax fee, storage fee.In conclusion, FedEx Vietnams major advantages areOperati ng FedExs own flight to both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh cityBest express service from Vietnam to US, North America and Japan the key export markets of VietnamManagement awareness of service quality and use it as differentiator. A good service quality control system is put on place.Innovative service base on information technologyMeanwhile, FedEx major weak points are operating under agency and poor quality call centre for customer operation.With above analysis, an IFE matrix is formed up by strategist team. The IFE matrix for FedEx Vietnam includes 12 factors with seven strengths and five weaknesses. Values of weight and rate for each factor are calculated base on average scores of the team members with some minor adjustment after review with the whole team (Appendix H). The final IFE matrix for FedEx is reflected in Figure 15.Figure 15 IFE Matrix of FedEx VietnamNo.FactorsWeightRateWeighted score1FedEx has 5 flights a week to both Hanoi and HCMC0.1440.562Well known brand0.1230.363Hub O peration Model Global net income0.0940.364The best express service to US, North America and Japan0.1240.485Wide range of services0.0430.126Management awareness of service quality issue and use the quality of service as differentiator.0.0540.27Innovative service on the base of information technology0.0440.168FedEx operates under agency contract0.1510.159Low quality call centre0.1310.1310High over due debt ratio0.0310.0311Poor marketing activities

NFL and NASCAR Sponsorships Essay -- advertising, finance, sports

AbstractThe National Football League (NFL) and NASCAR thrive on sponsors and offense versa. An NFL game is by far the most watched single game event in the country and gaining popularity exp atomic number 53ntially areawide. Their championship, the Super axial motion, is arguably the most watched television design in that particular year. In NASCAR, the Daytona 500 is their Super Bowl and is a very large event in its own right. Corporations all over the world jump on these mega advertising vehicles with the hope that their name is popularized which will result in profitability. In many cases, most of those who do buy airtime during NFL games, the Super Bowl, and during the major NASCAR races are very visible names and products that we already know about. Most of the time, these companies are trying to market new products or products that have been enhanced.NFL SponsorshipsSport is iodine of the largest mediums that corporations can utilize to get that mass message out to their customers. Many of us have different ways that tickle our fancy so to speak. What interests one does not necessarily interest another, but, even if one person can convince others to try a product or assistance a half mask effect may occur. Corporations are always trying to spice up their advertisement. They probably do this to see if they can manipulate a consumer to try their service or product. For example, Budweiser has been running beer ads for many, many years and incorporated comedy into their commercials. They went from frogs to lizards to obnoxious acting. In my opinion, people are swayed by these tactics and tend to try a Budweiser beer more often than they had.I believe all sports are good vehicles or tools to market and advertise, but, none is... ...d July 15, 2009, from www.promomagazine.comRoss, Brian, Chuchmach, Megan, Eslocker, Asa, and Rhee, Joe, (2009, Feb 2). Bailed Out Bank of America Sponsors Super Bowl Fun Fest. Retrieved July 15, 2009, from www.a bcnews.go.comLefton, Terry (2009, Jan 19). NFL close to adding P&G to sponsor list. Retrieved July 15, 2009, from www.sportsbusinessjournal.comBibliographyCotsonika, Nicholas (2009, Jun 9). Sponsor logos may show up on practice jerseys. Retrieved July 15, 2009, from www.freep.comKrantz, Matt (2005, Feb 20). NASCAR sponsorship revs stocks engines. Retrieved July 15, 2009, from www.usatoday.comPaul, Peralte C. (2009, profane 25). AFLAC upgrades its NASCAR sponsorship. Retrieved July 15, 2009, from www.ajc.comAssociated Press, (2009, Jun 2). NASCAR GM Sponsorship Will Continue. Retrieved July 15, 2009, from www.cbsnews.com

Essay on Poetry in Prose in Cold Mountain -- Cold Mountain Essays

Poetry in Prose in refrigerant Mountain Cold Mountain is poetry in prose, and the examples of this are infinite. every character met is described down to the last hair on their head the war-torn countryside still lives on for Inman to relive and adenosine deaminase to discover. The field burning, the sunrises and sunsets, the rivers flowing and the interminable rocks and trees that make up the landscape are all characters in themselves. The definition of the word poetry is allusive to say the least. Those in dictionaries run in circles from defining a poet as one who writes poetry to defining a poetry as the work of a poet. It is more conclusive therefore, to describe what the poets themselves are shoot for to create Coleridge distinguishes between prose the best words- and poetry the best words in the best order while Wordsworth said that poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge. Therefore it is difficult to distinguish between the exact difference between pr ose and poetry. In some instances, such as translating foreign poetry, it has proven more satisfying to convert the poetry into prose to convey the meaning without worrying about the metre, which is often lost in translation anyway. However, Cold Mountain is distinctly one of the chosen few novels written in prose with poetic style. By describing scenes, be they uplifting or disturbing, in an innovative, different, detailed style, Frazier succeeds in surpassing another(prenominal) novels in library brilliance and ingenuity. From the first few words of the first chapter, the reader is captured. Different, or unusual words are used to describe what they do not usually do morning gesturing, for instance, morning is not normally thought of as a gesture, b... ...head the war-torn countryside still lives on for Inman to relive and Ada to discover. The field burning, the sunrises and sunsets, the rivers flowing and the eternal rocks and trees that make up the landscape are all characte rs in themselves. Frazier conveys his love of the land through every word of Cold Mountain and uses unusual adjectives or verbs to explain his sight from a different angle. (This is illustrated on page 215 as Inman is wedded to Lila she described little delighted circles in the dirt.) Matthew Arnold states that genuine poetry is conceived and composed in the soul, and Frazier has simply shared this genuine classic to give a hauntingly true-to-life insight in to the search for the American Dream, based on his own experience of the Appalachian Mountains.Works CitedFrazier, Charles. Cold Mountain. New York Vintage Books, 1998.