The Importance of Physical Education free essay sample

An assessment of the advantage of physical training in building right engine aptitudes in youngsters. This paper talks about the improvement of engine abilities for suitable ages and observes the advantages of physical instruction program for building up these aptitudes. It additionally shows the immediate association between physical instruction programs and the best possible and full advancement of engine abilities in contemporary society, regarding some particular projects that have been created and used to accomplish this goal. Physical training is regularly given an optional spot in the instructive administrations of our schools, as though it were something to be thankful for however one that could be abstained from if important. In truth, physical instruction is a basic part of youth advancement. Consider only the advancement of engine abilities in small kids and how this is affected and improved by a program of physical training in schools. Youngsters do create engine aptitudes normally through movement and play, yet physical training programs help channel youth vitality and guarantee that these important abilities are obtained and sharpened. We will compose a custom paper test on The Importance of Physical Education or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is increasingly significant in a progressively inactive time, for example, we live in today, when numerous youngsters take part in less after-school play all alone thus need the concentrated action physical training program gives.

AICD Challenges regarding Corporate Governance-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about the Challenges looked by Australian Institute of Company Directors in regards to its Corporate Governance Practices. Answer: Explanation behind the Case Study Corporate Governance includes a lot of rules, guidelines, techniques with which an organization is controlled and directed(Farrar, 2008). Essential extent of corporate administration includes adjusting of enthusiasm of different partners of the organization. Partners of an organization can be inside or outside includes, government lenders, clients, providers, investors, network, etc. Corporate administration gives a system whereby an organization can meet its goals, undertaking inside controls towards execution estimation and corporate revelations. The extent of this report is to attempt Corporate Governance survey of Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD), with the end goal that they can meet interests of its stakeholders(Mallin, 2011). As corporate administration point is to see most ideal manners by which partners interests of the association can be met, the report interfaces different motivations to the equivalent. Corporate Governance includes every single circle of the administration subsequently, runs should be applied for directing of a corporate conduct. While there are various guides, who are in position to direct corporate conduct it can't reflect administration. The Board of Directors is basic in corporate administration for suitable value valuation. Top managerial staff directly affects partners for impacting corporate administration. Individuals from the Board are chosen by investors or designated by different individuals from the Board, with the end goal that they structure a portrayal for the company(Bebchuk, 2009). There are different capacities, which are embraced by the Board for creation of significant choices, they selects corporate official, conducts profit approach and does official remuneration. Board commitments are path past money related commitments and they frequently need to attempt investor goals for social or natural needs. Subsequently, it is the duty of the Board to apply Good Corporate Governance. Terrible Governance can make question on a companys respectability, unwavering quality and commitments to its investors. It additionally makes bigotry towards partners in instances of awful administration. On the off chance that an organization doesn't have any significant bearing corporate administration then there can be rebellious budgetary outcomes, awful pay bundles too. Then again, great corporate administration makes a positive feel towards the organization Boards and making a straightforward standards and controls. Organizations by and large endeavor to apply most elevated levels of corporate administration, for reflecting great corporate citizenship by different undertakings. Subsequently, it is important that all partners interests are met sufficiently for apply corporate governance(Larcker, 2007). Foundation Purpose and Scope Corporate Governance is regularly engaged by various top company similar to the essential commitment of their businesses(Adams, 2010). Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD) sentiment is that companys top managerial staff has duty of setting investors premiums before partners premiums. There have been various cases where investors premium has been organized over partners premiums. AICD in any case, needs that every one of its partners advantages be met and fulfilled for better open examination with respect to its corporate administration endeavors(Brezeanu, 2008). Exclusive Theory is one in which there is no major qualification between legitimate element and its proprietor. It suggests that a substance doesn't exists independently from its proprietors for bookkeeping reason. Substance Theory is applied with three fundamental suspicion as financial action being of business directing being unmistakable from its proprietors. Its essential action is that an organization can and will be accounted as independently from its proprietors exercises. Undertaking Theory builds up that there are two conflicting inspiration of business, which is for making benefits, where creation in shortened for reason for cost and making high benefits. Partner Theory is a hypothesis for authoritative administration and business morals that builds up ethics and qualities for overseeing association. Till date the association had been neglecting necessities of different partners and been worried about just needs of its investors. Such perspective can offer meet people's high expectations from current circumstance as well as for what's to come. It may diminish supportability part of the business. There may be generous measures of issues made from ramifications of such difficulties, which may additionally reproduce later on. Reason and extent of this report concerns featuring different issues looked by association in association with its organizing of different investors premiums. While defending partners interests and taking care of their interests is of significance, the association has been neglecting and disregarding the equivalent. Hence, the report features basic proposals that the association needs to oblige so as to beat specifi c difficulties that it faces currently(Kang, 2007). Issues and Solution Associations need to endeavor to go to expand partners interests contrasted with those of its investors. Different partners can have numerous clashing interests which has raised a few embarrassments across worldwide organisations(Aguilera, 2007). Instances of Enron, ImClone, Global Crossing, Tyco International and WorldCom have given enormous bits of knowledge with respect to specialists who have featured investors premiums matchless quality. In this way, hypothesis of corporate administration wins that sets up its incomparability and furthermore appropriateness. The following are referenced a few issues that AICD faces and there arrangements, with specific suggestions. first Problem: Adjusting of investors premiums against those of partners may prompt money related premiums of investors. Expanding budgetary returns of investors from accounts or different disparities may prompt defilement. Examiners are likewise made to see investors return, controlling returns of the organization frequently reflecting misfortunes for the equivalent. This, issue can prompt a drawn out issue and raise outer partners worry with respect to evaluating. Therefore, the main issue concerns featuring investors hypothesis contrasted with partner hypothesis. Arrangement first Problem: Answer for all issues looked by the present association is adjusting corporate administration methods and featuring interests of stakeholders(Kayode, 2015). Taking care of investors premiums can prompt survey their inclinations which is to augment their profits. Investors premiums can be adjusted by the association, however its aftermaths can be disclosed to the Board of Directors. From there on, talking about the drawn out maintainability of the association appointment of benefits to partners can be endeavored. Concentrating on allocation of benefits will empower working of trust in the association. second Problem: Investor and partner speculations are regulating hypotheses of corporate social obligation. Job of corporate social obligation concerns making the wisest decision. Hence, hypotheses of business morals for making the right decision are frequently conflicting to investors and partners hypothesis. The present association won't have the option to apply moral implicit rules inside the association in the event that it can't capable partners hypothesis suitably. Second issue hence, worries about utilization of morals inside the association. Arrangement second Problem: Morals is basic to each business, particularly for Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD)(Friedman, 2007). Applying of morals will yield long haul advantages to the matter of the association. A moral set of principles for the whole association should be created and received by the Board of Directors. Such moral codes will contains standards and statements for featuring of partners interests. It is indispensable for an association for obliging moral codes, which incorporates investors premiums inside those of partners premiums. third Problem: Partners hypothesis states that chiefs of an association have obligation towards company investors, people just as voting public who work for the association. Thus, as per major ideas it is the sole duty of supervisors to take care of interests of partners even in the event that it decreases the companys benefit. It very well may be drawn from the idea that partners need to have a basic task to carry out in dynamic, which isn't the situation as investors premiums are taken consideration off. Arrangement third Problem: Partners interests can properly be reflected in their thoughts joined into dynamic. Board Members needs to embrace systems with the end goal that all partners choices are joined into achieving of a specific target of an association. At the point when all partners will pick up thought then a target will be met fittingly. Suggestions AICD will have the option to defeat its present circumstance and apply corporate administration codes of practices(Young, 2008). Despite the fact that there may be disagreement regarding partners or investors premiums being of significance. While investors puts resources into organizations for money related returns, it very well may be contended that the will try to amplify their benefits or returns and have their state in business. Be that as it may, for long haul picks up it tends to be said that all partners available resources should be assessed. Coming up next are a few suggestions that can demonstration for the business; AICD needs to build up archived isolation concerning jobs and duties of investors, the Board of Directors and the executives. Explanation of jobs and obligation comprehends specific isolation in jobs and execute them as needs be. This stage

Rebecca Black, the Old Spice Guy, and How to Sell Staplers

Rebecca Black, the Old Spice Guy, and How to Sell Staplers with BOLDNESS, CONFIDENCE, PASSION, FOCUS AND ENGAGEMENT. IAP has been a time of very well, different learning than I had during my first semester at MIT. The past two weeks have been surprisingly productive, tiring and relaxing at the same time. Ive learned that Python is like Javas rebellious younger cousin, you can only eat oatmeal for so long before you want to punch someone, and learned that snow is, despite its fine white appearance, really damn cold. Deceptive frozen water! Beyond these valuable life lessons, Ive also been lucky enough to take a wide assortment of classes that MIT offers over IAP, both for credit and not for credit. Ive been running between kickboxing classes, business seminars, programming classes and even photography workshops and finishing off my day in a breaded chicken induced coma after I crawl under my comforter and reevaluate my dinner choices. (Its not as bad as it sounds.) Over the past two weeks, Ive attended two different business seminar seriesthe first, Viral Marketing: Disseminating the Brand Message and the second, The Nuts and Bolts of Business Plans (ranked by INC Magazine as one of the 10 Best Entrepreneurship Classes in America.) Id say the classes are comprised of roughly 70% graduate students and 70% men, where the intersection of the two categories gives you this: Professor: Who is your favorite celebrity? Who is on the cover of the stack of magazines by your bed? Slightly Unshaven Slightly European MBA: I read the Economist so Ben Bernanke? Note: Ben Bernanke is not how viral marketing is born. And despite the business buzzwords (integrated marketing to build a viral events framework in a technology ecosystem), Ive found that analyzing the success of Rebecca Black, the Old Spice Guy and selling staplers is a science. Our professor attributes the success of viral phenomena to possessing one or more of these qualities: being a simple story, controversial or outrageous, amazing or unique, positive, timely, truthful, funny, branded, impersonal, magical, historic or tragic. Id call Friday something between unique and magical. The Nuts and Bolts of Business Plans has taken a bit of a different spin, bringing in guest speakers every class to impart some of their entrepreneurial wisdom onto a similarly comprised class. Beyond the technical process of writing up executive summaries and full fledged business plans, much of the class has to do with exuding those time-tested business values that deserve to be typed out like the confident executive urged us to do: with BOLDNESS, CONFIDENCE, PASSION, FOCUS AND ENGAGEMENT. (Thatll be fifty thousand dollars.) I also just finished up my Python class, 6.s090, that culminated in a project of your choosing, provided you invest your life trying to figure out why your global variable isnt doing what its supposed to be doing (hint: youre doing it wrong.) After many cups of knock off brand name cereal, my partner and I emerged victorious in creating our knock off Brick Breaker game: Not a bad two weeks at all. My biggest concern is fighting off scurvy, now that the walk to the supermarket is 40% slipping on ice and 60% slipping on rock salt. Wish me luck!

The Standardized Testing Nightmare Essay examples

As children grow up some of their frightful memories include a visit to the dentist or to the first day in elementary school. Perhaps their greatest nightmare is standardized testing. Since starting school as first graders students are taught to test in the United States. In many cases students are placed in remedial classes or even held back because of their low grades. Many do not realize that the students with low grades are mainly students who are not good test takers, and educators start to believe that these students are low achievers. When educators do this, it leads the students to have lower self-esteem and encourages them to drop out of school later on. Students are also forced to memorize information merely as facts†¦show more content†¦Under No Child Left Behind, standards and assessments rest tightly at the national education policy, and remain as the strongest force on policy and practice. Despite the importance of high-stakes testing to improve Americaâ €™s public education system, there have been numerous effects on schools, teachers, and even the students. Facing the pressure of standardized tests, students try to cram too much information in a short period of time. The memory capacity decreases from the stress of the one high-pressure test that can decide whether they well get held back and redo the entire year over. When a student receive poor test results, this may also make them feel insecure about their intelligence and encourage them to give up and possibly drop out of school later on. It is evident that many students have weakened their ability to think creatively, in the United States. Christopher Longo states that Inquiry-based science instruction has led the way in assisting students in the process of discovering knowledge for themselves instead of simply being asked to recall information. Inquiry learning promotes creativity by increasing motivation, wonderment, and curiosity. The author proposes that inquir y is the key to enhancing creativity, while still meeting the demands of standardize testing. (Longo) Inquiry based learning is a form of teaching which involves the teacher as a guide on the side. InShow MoreRelatedSuccess Is The Sum Of All Efforts, Repeated Day And Day Out By Robert Collier958 Words   |  4 PagesMany educational opportunities are based on a student s standardized testing scores and how well the student performs, but the thing that matters most is not standardized testing, its the student’s day to day performance and activities. Standardized testing defeats the purpose of knowledge and focuses on the scores neglecting the material. Standardized testing is an organized and accurate way to measure a student’s intelligence. â€Å"Standardized tests such as the SAT and ACT have been shown to be effectiveRead MoreWhy Class Test Are Not Effectively Working937 Words   |  4 PagesSince the 1800’s, standardized testing has been a part of our American Education system as a way to measure our student’s academic achievement. In 2002, the George W. Bush era, No Child Left Behind Act had mandated standardized testing be implemented in all of 50 states across the country. Since this act has been implemented, the rankings of United States for math had slipped fallen from 18th in the world, to now a ranking of a meager 31st place as of 2009. Schools use standardized tests to determineRead MoreThe Importance Of Standardized Testing In Education1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe standardized test has become the staple of the United States K12 education system. Students at all levels are routinely tested, and schools evaluated based on the scores. It’s easy to look at this as a necessary part of the system, a needed way of assessing both school and individual student performance to ensure quality across all schools. These tests are regarded as a tried-and true way of doing this, when in reality they are neither old nor accurate in assessment. I move in this essay thatRead MoreWhy Is Americas Education System Failing1202 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development, it ranks just fourteenth in reading, seventeenth in science and twenty-fifth in math (Walker). Despite Americas status as a country, Americas education is failing because of the large emphasis on standardized education, and the flaws of the students, parents, and teachers. How to fix the education system remains to be a problem. Impoverished children are partially at fault for the failing education system in America. Poor children are ranked wellRead MoreGloria Anzaldua And Amy Tan1120 Words   |  5 Pagesallowed her to put those ugly comments and actions aside to grow into the person she is today. Amy Tan’s article â€Å"Mother Tongue,† also focuses on the discrimination against her efforts to speak and write English. Amy Tan emphasizes the topics of standardized testing and discrimination within schools that go against those who are not native in this country. Despite both of these ladies being from two completely different cultures, they both still share similar stories. After reading both Gloria AnzalduaRead MoreStandardized Testing Is An Important Part Of Our Modern Education Essay1752 Words   |  8 PagesStandardized tests are part of every student’s life but not for a good reason. These tests haunt students in their sleep and give them a nightmare. To understand what I am writing just study your kid on the week of standardized tests. One can see the fear, anxiety and helpless in their eyes. Standardized testing has become an important part of our modern education. There is not an American student who doesn’t sit down these test many times a year in their educational journey. These tested are heavilyRead More Considering All the Facts: Mistakes About Standardized Tests2752 Words   |  12 PagesMistakes About Standardized Tests There has been a lot of talk about standards for schools. Politicians have made this issue a campaign debate. Now everyone has jumped on the â€Å"bandwagon† and wants accountability of students’ education (Shafer, 2002). When there is a problem in the education system, teachers are the first to be blamed. They are left with the responsibility of proving they are teaching what needs to be taught. States as well as the federal government use standardized testing to assessRead More The Failure of Standardized Testing Essay1991 Words   |  8 Pageslabeled as failing (Ravitch web). Because of those factors, heavy emphases on standardized tests were put in place in schools across the United States. The No Child Left Behind Act’s use of standardized testing negatively affects schools by pressuring schools to change curriculum, cheat to attain better scores, and by making children ill-prepared for higher education. Schools changing curriculum to cater to the testing requirements is one way the No Child Left Behind Act negatively affects schoolsRead More No Child Left Behind is Beneficial Essay2508 Words   |  11 Pagescourse of rallying the National Governor’s Convention with legislation entitled Goals 2000: Educate America Act. This act was the start of countrywide testing in reading and math to demonstrate responsibility for public education. At the same time, the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) was put out by a congressionally funded testing service, showing that reading scores amid the nation’s fourth graders was going down (Reutzel, 2009). And consequently began the downfall of literacyRead MoreThe Overachievers, by Alexandra Robbins Essay2319 Words   |  10 Pagesestablishing testing days, which do not always work. Some teachers feel that their time is important and they have to create their own schedules, rather than succumbing to the administration . They forget that kids have more than just their class to worry about (Robbins). Multiply this by three or four teachers, and high school turns into a nightmare. With all of this hype about overachievers, society has to figure out a way to conclude who is number one. This is where standardized testing comes into

International Student s Challenge And Adjustment - 839 Words

Overcoming International Student’s Challenge and Adjustment to College A critical look into the experts’ article Ashvarya Jain Northeastern University College of Professional Studies Hsio-Ping Wu, Esther Gaza, and Norma Guzman’s article entitled â€Å"International Student’s Challenge and Adjustment to College† has the implied intention of informing universities in the United States (US) the problems faced by the international students in higher education. The authors have done a fine job providing comprehensive, but overwhelming information of the challenges international students face. The article is explanatory which makes it drawn-out and ho-hum, still the universities and colleges can greatly benefit from the information as it is supported by the authors’ own experiences, researches, surveys and lot of details in the woods of citations. This is anticipated as the authors are ESL Professors at the Texas AM University. The authors are qualified to write about the topic as their profession involves direct contact with international students, which expands article’s purpose to enriching, and not just informing. The article is the secondary source of information, compiling work by various authors such as D. Celleja, W. F. Hull and many more. Moreover, it gives a great insight in the real issues faced by students, even the smaller ones such as feeling left out at parties. The article is published on 15 January 2015 and its presence on theShow MoreRelatedInternational Student Retention Efforts : A Correlational Study1480 Words   |  6 Pages International Student Retention Efforts: A Correlational Study A Research Proposal Submitted to the Department of Graduate Education of Lincoln Memorial University For: EDUC 511 JoAnn M. Russell Fall 2015 Abstract International students attending U.S. colleges and universities bring valuable cultural and educational diversity as well as economic contributions to American campuses and their communities (Andrade, 2006). Internationalization on college campuses encourages culturalRead MoreSocial Support, Stress, And Adaptation Of Immigrants1430 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This proposed research is designed to handle the primary deficits in knowledge concerning the adaptation of immigrant s students to the U.S. Such problem has been caused by lack of information regarding the impact of immigration on the students who are of different age brackets as well as a lack of the longitudinal information regarding the post –migration adjustments. The primary aim for this study is on the behavioral, emotional as well as the academic adaptation of the immigrants adolescentRead MoreThe Challenges Facing International Students in Higher Education1294 Words   |  6 Pagesof the challenges facing international students in higher education and suggest some possible solutions. Tutor Name: Kinga Maior Student ID Number: 2060494 Date of Submission: Thursday 2nd May 2013 Word Count: 1,004 The number of international students studying in the UK has soared over the past decade due to globalization. Paige (1990) defined International students as those individuals who temporarily lived in the foreign countries and received the education as exchanged students. The mainRead MoreThe Tradition Of Traveling Abroad Knowledge1137 Words   |  5 PagesThere are hundreds of thousands international students go to different countries for study every year. However, most people pay more attention to the advantages of study abroad, and ignore the stress of the international students. As a youth group, the international students have to deal with so many tasks, such as the acquisition of language learning, professional knowledge, research skills and effectively promote the understanding and trust between the international communities. Moreover, the mostRead MoreInternational Students Can Overcome Challenges935 Words   |  4 PagesInternational students face many different challenges when studying abroad. This is due to many factors. First, they are living in a country very far away from their own. The country they are studying at has a very different way of life than theirs. Further more, the laws in that country are much different than the laws in their own country. Due to that they face a lot of problems trying to adapt to this new culture. Me personally as an international student in the US studying at ASU, have facedRead Moreresearch1351 Words   |  6 Pagesnew challenges and that applies to international students who travel abroad in search of better educ ation. The research paper will regard and focus on problems that international students generally face at Australian Universities. The research as a whole will also consider various issues such as adjustment issues, cultural shock, language difficulty, understanding the expectation and grading system e.t.c. The motivation behind the research is to bring various problems faced by international studentsRead MoreThe Common Problems Faced By International Students Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe most common problems faced by international students in UK Feeling Homesick You may feel homesick, as do many students, however for international students it is more difficult to deal with. Students from this country may be able to return home for a visit to help alleviate their homesickness. International students are not able to do this. This means that you may need more support than home students. You may need to talk to someone in confidence about how you are feeling. The counselling serviceRead MoreReentry Is The Process Of Returning1515 Words   |  7 Pagessojourner, the missionary, the tourist, and the student on a study abroad program. The term, reentry, initially stems from the process of returning to Earth from space, and was utilized in reference to the astronaut-training program (Becker, 1961). The majority of reentry literature focuses on cultural repatriates or sojourners, and those who have spent significant time, typically longer than six months, outside of their home environment, and includes students in study abroad programs, Peace Corps volunteersRead MoreQuestions On International Human Resource Management Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesSubmission of case study Please find completed case study on International Human Resource Management-Padi Cepat on the basis for your reading and action. Sign: Name: Patel Nimisha Paper Title International Human Resource Management Paper Code 95.892(B) Term 1 2015 LecturersRead MoreHigh Level Of Stress And Its Effects On The New Environment1394 Words   |  6 Pagesreference point for widening circles of significant people and places and a means of protecting valued objects†. 1 For a lot of international students, the place that they identify as home is located in a country far from where they are attending classes for the purpose of pursing education. Life in the new surroundings away from home brings many challenges that international students have to encounter such as language barriers, academic demands, different traditions, homesickness, loss of social support

Consumer Behavior Impacts Free Essays

Consumer Behavior Impacts Donna Thompson Kaplan University October 3, 2012 Consumer Behavior Impacts Within the context of the consumer socialization of children, adult consumer, and intergenerational socialization reflects home theaters. To measure the cultural impact on consumer behavior towards home entertainment versus theatre has two approaches etic and emic. Etic approaches on cross cultural end user research. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behavior Impacts or any similar topic only for you Order Now While emic focuses upon indulgent issues from the viewpoint of the subjects being studied. All culture influences are not stagnant and do change over time from adults to children behaviors. Within the context of the consumer socialization of children, adult consumer, and intergenerational socialization reflects home theaters that allow for families to enjoy at home in privet, without interruptions entertainment. Also with the economy it saves money, families are going towards more to Netflix than cable they can get movies by mail and watch them at home. Due to these type of services people can comfortably watch movies at home without buying DVD’s, or go to movie theaters. Furthermore â€Å"The term family is a basic concept, it is not easy to define because family composition and structure, as well as the roles played by the family members, are almost always in transition† (Schiffman , L. G. , Kanuk, L. L. 2007), which leads to cultural methods of measuring, impact and religion. To measure cultural impact on consumer behavior towards home entertainment versus theatre has two approaches etic and emic. Etic units and classifications are available in advance, rather than determined during the analysis. These advanced etic units can be based on prior broad sampling or surveys; emic units must be discovered† (Berry, J. W. 1989). Furthermore, etic approach in cross cultural end user research generally looks at comprehensive or culture free theories and conceptions. To search different socializations variables and cons tructs that are conventional to all ultures and can be straightforwardly rivaled in order to discover how the way of life are different or similar to each other as families partake in home theater. Emic focuses upon indulgent issues from the viewpoint of the subjects being studied. Furthermore culture can be defined emic-ally as the lenses during the course of which all occurrences are seen. It determines how these occurrences are apprehended and assimilated. This relates to children looking up to their parents and friends to acquire skills and knowledge to function as consumers or even to build brand loyalty. Understanding the customers’ needs and wants induces companies to realize that no two buyers are ever exactly the same, this heterogeneity in needs and wants drive companies to look for distinctive groups of customers† (Shahhosseini A, Ardahaey). Culture influences are not stagnant and do change over time, and at times â€Å"It has been argued that religion is hi ghly personal in nature and therefore its effects on consumer behavior depend on individuals’ level of religious commitment or the importance placed on religion in their life† (Mokhlis, S. 009). Thus it is the responsibility of marketing managers to check for any changes and adapt their marketing policies, in view of culture to a great extent establishes how, why, when and for whom merchandises and services are procured. Whether working directly through prohibitions and obligation or through influences on the culture and society, religious values and beliefs are known to affect prescriptively and emblematically human behavior. All culture influences are not stagnant and do change over time from adults to children behaviors. To search different socializations variables and constructs that are conventional to all cultures and can be straightforwardly rivaled in order to discover how the way of life are different or similar to each other as families partake in home theater. It is the responsibility of marketing managers to check for any changes and adapt their marketing policies, in view of culture to a great extent establishes how, why, when and for whom merchandises and services are procured. Reference Berry, J. W. (1989). IMPOSED ETICS-EMICS-DERIVED ETICS: THE OPERATIONALIZATION OF A COMPELLING IDEA. International Journal Of Psychology, 24(6), 721. Mokhlis, S. (2009). Relevancy and Measurement of Religiosity. International Business Research, 2(3), 10. Retrieved from www. ccsenet. org/journal. html Schiffman , L. G. , ; Kanuk, L. L. (2007). Consumer Behavior (9th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersy: Pearson Education, inc. Shahhosseini A, Ardahaey F. Marketing Mix Practices in the Cultural Industry. International Journal Of Business ; Management. August 2011;6(8):230-234. Available from: Business Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 3, 2012. How to cite Consumer Behavior Impacts, Essay examples

Domestic Violence in Australia for Proportion -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDomestic Violence in Australia for Epidemic Proportion. Answer: Introduction: Domestic violence is a type of behavior that intends to gain control and power over any intimate family members such as spouse and partners. Such behavior is prevalent not only in middle and lower classes but among prominent people as well. According to Family Act 1975, domestic violence in Australia is defined by the, as threatening, violent and any other behavior that coerces and control members of family person (Humphreys Bradbury, 2015). Such act of violence occurs in a domestic setting between people having intimate relationships. In Australia, domestic violence is known with different names such as domestic abuse and family violence. Discussion: Domestic violence is the pressing issue, of Australia that is increasing at an alarming rate, and has reached epidemic proportion. One of the widespread and serious problems that are recognized in country such as Australia is violence against women with enormous social cost and community and individual impacts. Violence against women in Australia is known by different names such as sexual harassment, intimate partner violence and sexual assault. Domestic violence against women is not always and only physical. It involves economic, psychological, abuse, sexual and emotional violence and a wide range of intimidating, controlling and coercive behaviors (Phillips Vandenbroek, 2014). Different women experiences violence differently. Women in Torres Strait islander and aboriginal areas experience various forms of violence and at higher rates compared to other women. In Australia, former and current partner kills at least one woman. One of the largest drivers of homelessness for women is f amily or domestic violence in Australia. Over 300000 women in Australia often experience sexual violence every year (abs.gov.au, 2018). Violence among women in Australia has a disturbing high rate and there is a strong focus on domestic and family violence as indicated by public and policy discussions. In some jurisdictions, stalking behaviors are considered as an act of violence. Nevertheless, true extent of problems is difficult to measure because most of domestic violence goes unreported and private nature of relationship within which violence is occurring. The changing attitude around domestic violence has received a huge push but there is not any reduction in numbers. Furthermore, there are several risks associated with domestic violence incidence and perpetrators. Family and domestic violence has distinguished characteristics in terms of variety of relationship. Various drivers for violence amongst women is associated with men controlling decision making, acceptance of violence of men against women, limiting independence of women in private and public life, gender norms, decision controlling by men and interactions between them that are disrespectful and aggressive towards women. Moreover, violence have also been experienced by women against women and thereby increasing severity and likelihood of domestic violence. The factors that are responsible for violence against men are discrimination, substance and use of alcohol, exposure to violence, lacking knowledge about Australian violence laws, religious and cultural practices and loss of community support system (Othman et al., 2014). For women under 45 years of age, the leading cause of their injury and death is domestic violence Domestic violence in Australia is also a growing workplace conditions and the situations of domestic violence is dealt by paid time off for workers. Such situations involve resettling pets or children, being forced to leave home and get finances for psychological or medical help. In addition to this, domestic violence has become a workplace issue because when an employee is living with family and domestic violence have negative impacts and incur real cost to workplace. It has been found as per study conducted national research organization that intimate partner violence accounted for 5.1% of disease burden amongst women aged between eighteen to forty four years. Such violence among women endures mental health problems in survivors and victims. Women experiencing domestic and family violence are at the risk of discrimination both at the workplace along with other areas of lives such as goods and services provisions. The leading contributor to death, disability and illness among women results from intimate partner violence (Owen Carrington, 2015). The principal cause of homelessness for children and women in country is family and domestic violence. Due to prevalence of family violence, girls and indigenous women are thirty five times more likely to be hospitalized. It has been estimated that the combined administration, health and social welfare cost of violence against women stands at $ 12.7 billion a year. However, it has been projected that over the period of thirty years that is from 2014-2015 to 2044-55 cost will accumulate to $ 323.4 billion if no further is taken for preventing violence against women (abs.gov.au, 2018). Violence is likely to be suffered by women with disabilities as indicated by growing evidences. Risk of domestic violence is likely to increase because of victims experience of pregnancy, child abuse and separation drug use and perpetrators alcohol. Other factors that are strongly correlated with violence against women involve lack of social support, personal and financial stress. Family and domestic vio lence is introduced as a protected attitude within the existing law of anti discrimination (Salter, 2014). For tackling domestic violence in Australia, government has adopted a wide variety of strategies. However, many of the strategies adopted have been ongoing, but there is lack of reliable evidence that would help in working of such strategies. Issues related to such violence can be effectively addressed if an integrated approach is used and should be sustained by findings from government (Wendt et al., 2015). Conclusion: It is required by Australian government to respond and treat domestic violence as threat of serious crime and should be dealt with crime management and risk mitigation strategies. For investigation of crime related to domestic violence, there should be dedicated taskforces in each state. Order system relating to domestic violence should be considered seriously by government of Australia facilitating the fact that victims should not be considered by jurisdictional boundaries. Incidences of domestic violence have been increasing at an alarming rate and government is required to formulate strategies for dealing with such violence. References list: Crime and Justice - Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018).Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 8 March 2018, from https://www.abs.gov.au/Crime-and-Justice Humphreys, C., Bradbury?Jones, C. (2015). Domestic abuse and safeguarding children: Focus, response and intervention.Child Abuse Review,24(4), 231-234. Othman, S., Goddard, C., Piterman, L. (2014). Victims barriers to discussing domestic violence in clinical consultations: A qualitative enquiry.Journal of interpersonal violence,29(8), 1497-1513. Owen, S., Carrington, K. (2015). Domestic violence (DV) service provision and the architecture of rural life: An Australian case study.Journal of rural studies,39, 229-238. Phillips, J., Vandenbroek, P. (2014).Domestic, family and sexual violence in Australia: an overview of the issues. Department of Parliamentary Services, Parliamentary Library. Roberts, D., Chamberlain, P., Delfabbro, P. (2015). Women's experiences of the processes associated with the family court of Australia in the context of domestic violence: A thematic analysis.Psychiatry, Psychology and Law,22(4), 599-615. Salter, M. (2014). Multi-perpetrator domestic violence.Trauma, Violence, Abuse,15(2), 102-112. Wendt, S., Buchanan, F., Moulding, N. (2015). Mothering and domestic violence: Situating maternal protectiveness in gender.Affilia,30(4), 533-545.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Essays (1030 words) - The Holocaust In Germany

Franklin D. Roosevelt In 1929, President Herbert Hoover declared, with confidence, that, "We in America today is nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land."1 The decade of the 1920s was one of unbounded prosperity and optimism. The stock market was up, credit buying was at an all-time high; cars, radio, television and jazz were popular. All this brought major changes to the American way of life. Then, without warning, the stock market crashes. The 29th day of October marked the end of the Jazz Age and the beginning of the Great Depression. Industrial and farm production dropped rapidly and unemployment rose from 4 million to 8 million to 12 million between 1930 and 1932! The jobless lived as drifters in small cities of tin huts known as "Hoovervilles." Banks closed down as everyone withdrew all of their money out of fear of losing it. People were in bread lines that spanned many blocks while once successful businessmen sold fruit on street corners. The systems had failed and the people lost trust in their government. A cold March day brought on the close of every bank at noon. All the president had to say was, "We are at the end of our string."2 In March of 1933, the people decided to elect a 51-year old man named Franklin Delanor Roosevelt. He had assured the people he had a way to fight the depression that had engulfed the country, he brought them "The New Deal." Making good on his pledge for action, FDR enacted the first phase of his plan which included getting the banks back on their feet and fixing the economic and social disaster created by the crash. He gave jobs to the unemployed through the Public Works and Works Progress Administrations. And the National Recovery and Agricultural Adjustment Administrations were used to reopen businesses and put farmers back into production. To the American people, he truly gave them "a New Deal." On the other hand, when the German economy collapsed in the beginning of the 1930s, people began to see Hitler's propositions with a more open mind. The depression spread through the country as inflation, which was created by wiping out savings, had thrown many of the middle classes down into the poverty level. Many civil servants and small shopkeepers were swindled out of their life's savings by clever, fast-talking salesmen. These people were the ones looking to Hitler for salvation from their problems. Hitler ascribed all of the present suffering to the Jews. He propagated that the Russian Jews were responsible for the corruption in the government, Western Jews were responsible for the inflation and the German Jews were profiting from all of the suffering. 'The Jews are our misfortune,' was a common cry in the German National Socialist Workers' Party. In January of 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed to the position of Chancellor by President von Hindenberg in hopes of recreating their crippled economy. By July he had reconstructed the government to his liking, sending any opponents to concentration camps. He created the Enabling Act, which gave him unlimited dictatorial power, in March. In August of 1934, von Hindenberg passed away and Hitler announced his own presidency for life. In the early days of Hitler's regime, he relied on the industrialists and on their political representatives, the German National Party. Soon enough, though, Hitler began to ignore what the German National Party had to say and then finally expelled them completely from the government. There was on room for Hitler in Hitler's new state. With the new government came a strong need for military rearmament, which, in turn, eliminated nearly all unemployment as the industry exploded. The liquidating of Jewish businesses allowed non-Jewish companies to prosper greatly. He eventually eliminated all of his enemies, sent all Jews to concentration camps and then led Germany into World War II. In the 1930s, these two political leaders, Adolf Hitler and Franklin D. Roosevelt, were each facing the same economic crises at the same time. Although both of the leaders spoke to their people about saving the country from economic disaster, we can see the contrast in their actions and the prosperity of their countries. If the two leaders' roles were

Free Essays on The Abolition Of Labor Summary

Marx: The Abolition of Labor Capitalist production has lead to a universal negativity affecting all structural factors related to appropriation by the individual. Marx theorized that a universal revolution of economic forces and structural components will transpose the power of a capitalist society into the hands of the individual. By freeing the individual from the limitations posed upon them through capitalist production, the individual will be able to obtain potentiality for general satisfaction. This new universal order will structure the available productive forces for the power of the individual, and not just for capitalist production. The distribution of labor itself created classes within society. The proletariat is that class in society which lives entirely from the sale of its labor and does not draw profit from any kind of capital; whose sole existence depends on the demand for labor, on the changing state of business, and on the changes of the competition. The classes of the proletarians are the working class of the 19th century. Labor was more and more divided among the individual workers so that the worker who previously had done a complete piece of work now did only a part of that piece. This division of labor made it possible to produce things faster and cheaper. Labor is a commodity, like any other, and its price is therefore determined by exactly the same laws that apply to other commodities. In a regime of big industry or of free competition, the price of a commodity is always equal to its cost of production. The price of labor is also equal to the cost of production of labor. But, the costs of production of labor consist of precisely the quantity of means of subsistence necessary to enable the worker to continue working, and to prevent the working class from dying out. The worker will therefore get no more for his labor than is necessary for this purpose; the price of labor, or the wage, will, in other w... Free Essays on The Abolition Of Labor Summary Free Essays on The Abolition Of Labor Summary Marx: The Abolition of Labor Capitalist production has lead to a universal negativity affecting all structural factors related to appropriation by the individual. Marx theorized that a universal revolution of economic forces and structural components will transpose the power of a capitalist society into the hands of the individual. By freeing the individual from the limitations posed upon them through capitalist production, the individual will be able to obtain potentiality for general satisfaction. This new universal order will structure the available productive forces for the power of the individual, and not just for capitalist production. The distribution of labor itself created classes within society. The proletariat is that class in society which lives entirely from the sale of its labor and does not draw profit from any kind of capital; whose sole existence depends on the demand for labor, on the changing state of business, and on the changes of the competition. The classes of the proletarians are the working class of the 19th century. Labor was more and more divided among the individual workers so that the worker who previously had done a complete piece of work now did only a part of that piece. This division of labor made it possible to produce things faster and cheaper. Labor is a commodity, like any other, and its price is therefore determined by exactly the same laws that apply to other commodities. In a regime of big industry or of free competition, the price of a commodity is always equal to its cost of production. The price of labor is also equal to the cost of production of labor. But, the costs of production of labor consist of precisely the quantity of means of subsistence necessary to enable the worker to continue working, and to prevent the working class from dying out. The worker will therefore get no more for his labor than is necessary for this purpose; the price of labor, or the wage, will, in other w...

Reflectioin on the 3 articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflectioin on the 3 articles - Article Example Socially, adolescents prefer the experienced over inexperienced. Yet, that is truer for boys of the same age than girls. The acts are highly presented in the media and in order to be more accurate, findings should be made on more risk behaviours. The development of an individual is related to many factors in its life and romantic adolescent's relationships are one of the more important ones. Although, considered transitory, influencing and a problem; they are important when determining one's self-worth. Yet, romantic relationships of these sort are no in any way, a behaviour problem; these are no considered myths more true for previous centuries. The basis of recent researches focus upon the involvement of an individual partner chosen for it; which is not much important than shared interests. The quality of these relationships is directly related to its stability but the studies show negativity as adolescents mature. Lastly, the intense and unpredictable show of emotionality and cognitive abilities is not studied thoroughly. The media does not imply this confidently as they show both sides of the same coin. Hence, now the research is focused upon its impact on an individual's life than the myths themselves. Acceptance in a society is reflected upon by many standards where some of them are often unconstructive.

Comparison and contrast on short story using literary element Essay

Comparison and contrast on short story using literary element - Essay Example In many cases, the same symbol can be used for completely different effects. How one symbol can be used for two different ideas is revealed when one compares a short story such as William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in which a door represents the danger of a closed mind to another short story such as â€Å"Where are You Going, Where Have You Been?† by Joyce Carol Oates in which a door reveals the illusion of security. William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† features the story of Miss Emily, widely considered the town oddity because she is unbending in her ways and adamant about keeping everything exactly the same. This represents a kind of madness in keeping with the treatment she had received from her father, who insisted she always remain his little girl and always remembered her high birth status. The world of the present is strange and unrecognizable to Miss Emily, so she struggles continuously to keep it in the realm of the safe and ‘normal’ she knows – her mind is closed to new possibilities. Miss Emily Grierson is introduced as a woman who has never been provided an opportunity to become comfortable or familiar with the world outside of her father’s old world ideals. â€Å"None of the young men were quite good enough to Miss Emily and such. We had long thought of them as a tableau; Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the backgrou nd, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door† (437). This created a situation in which Miss Emily â€Å"got to be thirty and was still single† (437), alienated from her society behind the closed door of her home. Miss Emily’s inability to relate to the real world outside this alienation is first manifested completely when she refused to acknowledge her father’s change of state upon his death. â€Å"Miss Emily met them at the door,

Causes and Effect Diagrams in Quality Management

Causes and Effect Diagrams in Quality Management CAUSE EFFECT DIAGRM IN INDUSTRY Definition of Cause Effect Diagram The cause effect diagram is the brainchild of Kaoru Ishikawa, who pioneered quality management processes in the Kawasaki shipyards, and in the process became one of the founding fathers of modern management. The cause and effect diagram is used to explore all the potential or real causes (or inputs) that result in a single effect (or output). Causes are arranged according to their level of importance or detail, resulting in a depiction of relationships and hierarchy of events. This can help you search for root causes, identify areas where there may be problems, and compare the relative importance of different causes. Causes in a cause effect diagram are frequently arranged into four major categories. While these categories can be anything, you will often see: manpower, methods, materials, and machinery (recommended for manufacturing) equipment, policies, procedures, and people (recommended for administration and service). These guidelines can be helpful but should not be used if they limit the diagram or are inappropriate. The categories you use should suit your needs. At SkyMark, we often create the branches of the cause and effect tree from the titles of the affinity sets in a preceding affinity diagram. The CE diagram is also known as the fishbone diagram because it was drawn to resemble the skeleton of a fish, with the main causal categories drawn as bones attached to the spine of the fish, as shown below. The fishbone diagram, as originally drawn by Kaoru Ishikawa, is the classic way of displaying root causes of an observed effect Cause effect diagrams can also be drawn as tree diagrams, resembling a tree turned on its side. From a single outcome or trunk, branches extend that represent major categories of inputs or causes that create that single outcome. These large branches then lead to smaller and smaller branches of causes all the way down to twigs at the ends. The tree structure has an advantage over the fishbone-style diagram. As a fishbone diagram becomes more and more complex, it becomes difficult to find and compare items that are the same distance from the effect because they are dispersed over the diagram. With the tree structure, all items on the same causal level are aligned vertically. History Ishikawa diagram, in fishbone shape, showing factors of Equipment, Process, People, Materials, Environment and Management, all affecting the overall problem. Smaller arrows connect the sub-causes to major causes. Ishikawa diagrams were proposed by Kaoru Ishikawa in the 1960s, who pioneered quality management processes in the Kawasaki shipyards, and in the process became one of the founding fathers of modern management. It was first used in the 1960s, and is considered one of the seven basic tools of quality control. It is known as a fishbone diagram because of its shape, similar to the side view of a fish skeleton. Mazda Motors famously used an Ishikawa diagram in the development of the Miata sports car, where the required result was Jinba Ittai or Horse and Rider as One. The main causes included such aspects as touch and braking with the lesser causes including highly granular factors such as 50/50 weight distribution and able to rest elbow on top of drivers door. Every factor identified in the diagram was included in the final design. The Cause Effect (CE) diagram, also sometimes called the ‘fishbone diagram, is a tool for discovering all the possible causes for a particular effect. The effect being examined is normally some troublesome aspect of product or service quality, such as a machined part not to specification, delivery times varying too widely, excessive number of bugs in software under development, and so on, but the effect may also relate to internal processes such as high rate of team failures. The major purpose of the CE Diagram is to act as a first step in problem solving by generating a comprehensive list of possible causes. It can lead to immediate identification of major causes and point to the potential remedial actions or, failing this, it may indicate the best potential areas for further exploration and analysis. At a minimum, preparing a CE Diagram will lead to greater The CE Diagram was invented by Professor Kaoru Ishikawa of Tokyo University, a highly regarded Japanese expert in quality management. He first used it in 1943 to help explain to a group of engineers at Kawasaki Steel Works how a complex set of factors could be related to help understand a problem. CE Diagrams have since become a standard tool of analysis in Japan and in the West in conjunction with other analytical and problem-solving tools and techniques. CE Diagrams are also often called Ishikawa Diagrams, after their inventor, or Fishbone Diagrams because the diagram itself can look like the skeleton of a fish. Typical categories are: The 4 Ms (used in manufacturing) understanding of the problem. Machine (Technology) Method (Process/Inspection) Material (Raw, Consumables etc.) Man Power (physical work)/Mind Power (Brain Work): Kaizens, Suggestions The 8 Ps (used in service industry) Product=Service Price Place Promotion People Process Physical Evidence Productivity Quality The 4 Ss (used in service industry) Surroundings Suppliers Systems Skills More Ms Mother Nature (Environment) Measurement (Inspection) Maintenance Money Power Management Why Use a Cause Effect Diagram? A cause effect diagram helps to determine the causes of a problem or quality characteristic using a structured approach. It encourages group participation and utilizes team knowledge of the process. It uses an orderly, easy-to-read format to diagram cause-and-effect relationships. It increases knowledge of the process by helping everyone to learn more about the factors at work and how they relate. It indicates possible causes of variation in a process and identifies areas where data should be collected for further study. Example of cause effect diagram How to draw CE diagram in industries This is a three step process. Step 1 Write down the effect to be investigated and draw the backbone arrow to it. In the example shown below the effect is Incorrect deliveries. Step 2 Identify all the broad areas of enquiry in which the causes of the effect being investigated may lie. For incorrect deliveries the diagram may then become: For manufacturing processes, the broad areas of enquiry which are most often used are Materials (raw materials), Equipment (machines and tools), Workers (methods of work), and Inspection (measuring method). Step 3 This step requires the greatest amount of work and imagination because it requires you (or you and your team) to write in all the detailed possible causes in each of the broad areas of enquiry. Each cause identified should be fully explored for further more specific causes which, in turn, contribute to them. You continue this process of branching off into more and more directions until every possible cause has been identified. The final result will represent a sort of a mind dump of all the factors relating to the effect being explored and the relationships between them. Different types of CE Diagram There are three different types of CE Diagram. The basic type explained above is called the Dispersion analysis type. The other two are the Production process classification type and the Cause enumeration type. Production classification type This type differs from the basic type above in that each discrete stage in the production process leading up to the effect being examined is shown along the main arrow or backbone of the diagram. Possible causes are then shown as branches off these as shown in the illustration overleaf. This type of CE Diagram is often easier to construct and understand because those involved are already familiar with each of the production steps identified. Cause enumeration type This is not so much a different type of diagram but a different method of constructing a diagram. Instead of building up a chart gradually (starting with the backbone, deciding broad areas, then adding more and more branches), you postpone drawing the chart and simply list all the possible causes first. Then draw the chart in order to relate the causes to each other. This method has the advantage that the list of possible causes will be more comprehensive because the process has a more free-form nature. The disadvantage is that it is more difficult to draw the diagram from this list rather than from scratch. This method of drawing a CE Diagram can be used in conjunction with Brainstorming by using it to distil the brainstorm output down into a logical and useable set of information. Good and bad CE diagrams A good CE diagram is one which explores all possibilities so it is likely to be large and complex-looking as twig after twig sprouts for each new related idea noted down. Be suspicious of CE Diagrams with few factors, or which are neat and well ordered. These may reflect a lack of knowledge of the situation, or show that the effort to draw the diagram was not creative and exhaustive enough. The cause and effect diagram can also be drawn with right angles, which makes it less tangled, and easier to see what layer of causality is being considered at any given time. How to Use the Tool in cause and effect diagram : Follow these steps to solve a problem with a Cause and Effect Diagram: 1. Identify the problem: Write down the exact problem you face in detail. Where appropriate identify who is involved, what the problem is, and when and where it occurs. Write the problem in a box on the left hand side of a large sheet of paper. Draw a line across the paper horizontally from the box. This arrangement, looking like the head and spine of a fish, gives you space to develop ideas. 2. Work out the major factors involved: Next identify the factors that may contribute to the problem. Draw lines off the spine for each factor, and label it. These may be people involved with the problem, systems, equipment, materials, external forces, etc. Try to draw out as many possible factors as possible. If you are trying to solve the problem as part of a group, then this may be a good time for some brainstorming. Using the Fish bone analogy, the factors you find can be thought of as the bones of the fish. 3. Identify possible causes: For each of the factors you considered in stage 2, brainstorm possible causes of the problem that may be related to the factor. Show these as smaller lines coming off the bones of the fish. Where a cause is large or complex, then it may be best to break the it down into sub-causes. Show these as lines coming off each cause line. 4. Analyze your diagram: By this stage you should have a diagram showing all the possible causes of your problem that you can think of. Depending on the complexity and importance of the problem, you can now investigate the most likely causes further. This may involve setting up investigations, carrying out surveys, etc. These will be designed to test whether your assessments are correct. There are three main applications of cause-and-effect diagrams in industries: 1. Cause enumeration is one of the most widely used graphical techniques for quality control and improvement. Sometime it may be very difficult to determine the primary causes to be included in the diagram. If that is the case, after we have determined the characteristic or effect we are examining, we follow these steps: †¢ Use brainstorming to create a list of all the possible causes. The list will contain a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary (or big bone, middle sized bone and small bone) causes. †¢ Sort the list by grouping causes that are related. †¢ Identify or name each major grouping and make your cause-and-effect diagram. (Thus cause enumeration facilitates the identification of root causes because all conceivable causes are listed.) †¢ Machine, Manpower, Material, Measurement, Method and Environment are frequently used major causes that can apply to many processes. 2. In Dispersion analysis, each major cause is thoroughly analyzed by investigating the sub-causes and their impact on the quality characteristics (or effect) in question. The key to this diagrams effectiveness lies in the reiteration of the question, Why does this dispersion (cause) occur? This diagram helps us outlining the reasons for any variability, or dispersion. Unlike cause enumeration where smaller causes that are considered insignificant are still listed, in dispersion analysis, causes that dont fit the selected categories are not listed. In other words, sometimes small causes are not isolated or observed. Consequently, it is possible that some root causes will not be identified in dispersion analysis. 3. When cause-and-effect diagrams are constructed for process analysis, the emphasis is on listing the causes in the sequence in which the operations are actually conducted. The advantage of this diagram is that, since it follows the sequence of the production process, it is easy to assemble and understand. The disadvantage is that similar causes appear again and again, and causes due to a combination of more than one factor are difficult to illustrate. Fishbone diagram Uses of cause effect diagram in industries:- Use your diagram to develop a common understanding of the factors potentially influencing or causing a quality problem. Use your diagram as a road map for collecting data to verify the causal relationship of various factors to the characteristic. Continue to annotate and modify your diagram as you verify relationships and learn more. Using a cause-and-effect diagram this way will help you to see which factors in your process need to be checked, modified or eliminated Example The example below shows a Cause Effect diagram drawn by a manager who is having trouble getting cooperation from a branch office If the manager had not thought the problem through, he might have dealt with the problem by assuming that people were being difficult. Instead he might think that the best approach is to arrange a meeting with the Branch Manager. This would allow him to brief the manager fully, and talk through any problems that he may be facing. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES Fishbone diagrams permit a thoughtful analysis that avoids overlooking any possible root causes for a need. The fishbone technique is easy to implement and creates an easy†to†understand visual representation of the causes, categories of causes, and the need. By using a fishbone diagram, you are able to focus the group on the Ê ºbig pictureÊ º as to possible causes or factors influencing the problem/need. Even after the need has been addressed, the fishbone diagram shows areas of weakness that † once exposed † can be rectified before causing more sustained difficulties. DISADVANTAGES The simplicity of a fishbone diagram can be both its strength and its weakness. As a weakness, the  simplicity of the fishbone diagram may make it difficult to represent the truly interrelated nature of problems and causes in some very complex situations. Unless you have an extremely large space on which to draw and develop the fishbone diagram, you may find that you are not able to explore the cause and effect relationships in as much detail as you would like to.

Alberti and urban context

Among Renaissance architects, Leon Batista Alberti was perhaps the most visionary authority on urban context and city planning.Though he was not an urban planner in the modern sense, he had a keen understanding of the city as an integrated, organic whole, and his designs and writings reveal his view that cities should be well-ordered and buildings should integrate themselves smoothly into that overall fabric.   In this regard, he was well ahead of his time and anticipated the ideas of urban context that exist today.Despite his visionary skill and prowess at architecture, Alberti (1404-72) was actually not a professional architect and seems never to have actually even supervised the construction of any of his works.   He was a polymath, or â€Å"Renaissance man† – cultured, well-educated, and well-versed in various academic fields, from art and religion to science and mathematics.According to art historians Ludwig Heydenreich and Wolfgang Lotz, Alberti â€Å"remaine d to the end the adviser who laid down the general lines and occasionally gave instruction for details . . . but he never set one stone on another.†[1]   Biographer Anthony Grafton’s description is even more to the point – â€Å"an impresario of society and space.†[2]Indeed, Alberti lacked the practical building experience most contemporary architects had, mainly because he was trained to advise and administer rather than actually build.   Born illegitimate but privileged in Genoa, he was well-educated as a youth and in 1428 took both a degree in canon law and orders in the Catholic Church.For much of the remainder of his life, Alberti served as an administrator and advisor to the popes, most notably Nicholas V, a friend from youth, who hired him to consult on major building projects in Rome.   Though mostly a career church administrator, Alberti pursued a wide array of intellectual interests and â€Å"presented himself as a master of all the ration al arts of living upon which his contemporaries set great store.†[3]In accordance with the Renaissance’s reverence for ancient Greek and Roman models, Alberti drew heavily from antiquity – not merely for decoration (which he believed should be used sparingly and tastefully, not simply for the sake of decoration alone), but for proportion and, more importantly, placement within a given physical and historical context.For example, in one of his first major works, the church of San Francesco at Rimini (whose renovation and redesign he supervised around 1450), Alberti used exterior motifs drawn from the area’s ancient monuments, varying these to suit the building itself and thus let it reflect the local architectural, cultural, and political contexts.The church’s faà §ade uses simple forms and a scale suited to the buildings around it, because, says Heydenreich, no single person’s vision would dominate that setting: â€Å"[It] was the product o f a collaboration between patron, adviser, and working architects. . . . ‘Local styles’ of this kind occasionally appear, but only where the political structure of the region favours them. . . .†[4]   In this sense, he heralded the post-modernists of the late twentieth century, who believe in urban fabric and context rather simply in designing buildings with no relationship to their surroundings.Alberti’s works in Florence between 1455 and 1470 demonstrate, in Heydenreich’s words, â€Å"[how] deeply the traditional forces in a city can influence the idiom of an architect.†[5]   There, his church of Santa Maria Novello draws heavily from local Tuscan styles and fuses them with a large Roman scale (as mandated by the Pope), making a distinctive building that fits with its prominent neighboring structures.(Though he used local elements freely, Alberti rarely directly imitated other buildings; when he borrowed forms or elements, he tended to f use them with those on nearby structures.)   Also, and perhaps more importantly, it embraces a unity of design, both within itself and in relation to the buildings around it, so that it does not appear incongruous or artificially imposed on its immediate context.Alberti also aimed to site buildings according to surveys he conducted, in keeping with his mathematical and cartographic skills.   Using a measuring disk he created, his survey of Rome (conducted around 1444, when he first entered architecture) â€Å"allowed him to establish the radial coordinates of Rome’s main churches and the towers on the city walls and to plot those in plan.†[1] L Heydenreich & W Lotz, Architecture in Italy, 1400 to 1600, Penguin, London, 1974, p. 27. [2] A Grafton, Leon Batista Alberti, Hill & Wang, New York, 2000, p. 263. [3] Grafton, p. 21. [4] Heydenreich & Lotz, p. 32. [5] Heydenreich & Lotz, p. 33. [6] R Tavernor, On Alberti and the art of building, Yale University Press, New Ha ven, 1998, p. 13.

Nursing in Perspectives

Nursing is a profound profession which requires professional skills and knowledge, high level of expertise and managerial skills. Following Parker & Clare (2006): â€Å"Critical thinking is a vital skill to have as a nurse. Nurses are engaged in providing care to people who have a right to high quality professional conduct and health services (p296).Applied to nursing profession, critical thinking aims to improve healthcare services through new methods and self-developed professional skills of nurses. Critical thinking combines the ability to meet the requirement of a new age and respond effectively to technological innovations and scientific discoveries. Changing economic environment and globalization process has a great impact on the nursing science, and compel to specify concepts of management and its fields. During the last decades, the definitions of critical thinking in nursing have been changes. For instance, Ennis & Milman in 1985 defined critical thinking in nursing as â€Å"reasonable, reflective thinking focused on what to believe or do† (Critical Thinking in Nursing 2007). In five years, McPeck, (1990) defined it as: â€Å"the propensity to engage in an activity with reflective skepticism† (Critical Thinking in Nursing 2007). Monitoring was an important method that helped to search for new trends in nursing. Today, nurses take into account internal and external factors that influence a patient. The most recent explanation of critical thinking is proposed by the University of New Mexico (2007): â€Å"nursing utilizes critical thinking as diagnostic reasoning and professional or clinical judgment. Critical thinking in nursing is based on a triggering event or situation, a starting point, scaffolds, processes, and outcomes that make up a continuous or iterative feedback loop† (Critical Thinking in Nursing 2007). In modern world, critical thinking in nursing is a broad concept with include advanced knowledge and discovering, creativity and passion, authenticity and ability to foresee coming changes. Critical thinking in nursing aims to extend traditional nursing roles in order to keep abreast of time and rapidly changing technology. Daniels (2004) underlines that it may be exercised as an attribute of position or because of personal knowledge or wisdom. Modern nurses see themselves more as conservators and regulators of the exist ­ing order of affairs with which they identify, and from which they gain rewards. Critical thinking helps to create a sense of identity which does not depend upon membership or work roles. On the one hand, nursing gendered identity and cultural identity has a great impact on their skills and ability to deliver high quality service. Many problems associated with the relationships between people of different cultures stem from variations in norms and values. Modern society is marked by cultural diversity problems which influence healthcare services and service delivery. Critical thinking is crucial for culturally competent nurse because it helps to communicate with diverse clients and meet their needs. For instance, Hindus and Asians share specific beliefs as for parts of the body and health, and in this case a nurse should take into account cultural and religious practices of these patients. Following Dreher and Macnaughton (2002): â€Å"the health care system has nested the accountability for cultural competency with the clinician who provides direct services to individuals, where the application of cultural information is likely to be least useful† (p181). For a nurse, the key advantages of convergence are that ideas and techniques developed in one cultural or national setting may be transferred to another and used effectively. These variables shape the values and hence the behavior of people (Potter & Perry, 2005). Critical thinking determines the quality of decisions and actions of a nurse. A higher level of professional autonomy and shared governance should be seen as the main features of critical thinking. Critical thinking is exercised through greater knowledge and exper ­tise. It may also be based on the per ­sonal qualities of the nurse and the manner in which authority is exercised. In contrast to traditional theories of nursing leadership, nursing expert power is based on new knowledge about technology and critical thinking used in nursing profession. Critical thinking is based on credibility and clear evidence of knowledge or expertise; for example, the expert knowledge of ‘functional' specialists. Stone (2000) states that if the information is satisfactorily ascertained from secondary sources, the nurse opts to complete this component of the assessment by relying on past records. Documentary data obtained from patients' records is often termed ‘secondary' because the information has originally been collected by other people and for other purposes. Thus, critical thinking determines further actions and behavior patterns which support clinical and service development. In several decades ago, nurses were limited by strict rules and tasks which prevented them to respond effectively to changing environment (Potter & Perry 2005). Today, technology and information technology demands critical thinking and decision making in nursing (Sharp, 2000). Also, there is a great shift in organizational values and personal traits of the nurses. Changing social environment influences human values and conflicts with human dignity and importance (Sullivan & Decker, 2005). The balance of power has undoubtedly shifted to nurses who have more choice over how to conducts relationships with their administration, colleagues and patients. Critical thinking in nursing is aimed to improve influences on the environment and determine perspectives of further development on the macro- and micro- level. In this situation, to be an effective and professional nurse, it is necessary to exercise the role of critical thinker based on advanced knowledge and expertise (Durgahee, 2003). A common view is that the job of the nurse requires the ability of critical thinking and that leadership is in effect a sub-set of management. In terms of critical thinking, there is a need to be flexible and be ready to innovate and to adopt new technologies as they come along. The way in which healthcare organization has to employ the latest technology can be an important determinant of its competitive advantage. For instance, increased role of computers and technological solutions require new skills and decision making practices in medicine. For instance, if technology does not work properly and it threatens life of a patient, a nurse should react accordingly to the situation and replace it with alternative solution (Kozier et al 2004). Critics (Sullivan & Decker, 2005) admit that three decades ago nurses were not ready and prepared to apply critical thinking to their work and this led to high death rates caused by technology failure. Healthcare is one of the main industries responsible for exceptional service quality and interpersonal communication. Service quality is determined by technological processes and innovations in its field. Critical thinking has speeded up health delivery processes, transformed working practices and increased the efficiency of healthcare services. Interestingly, it is in the technological environment that it is some ­times possible for large healthcare organizations to actually exert influence rather than be the recipients of it. Respect and personal worth of every patient are the core human-related factors employed by the nurses (Garrison 2004). Nursing staff is responsible for communication and interaction with the patients. For this reason, nurses should be flexible to respond effectively to changing environment and customers groups. As a result, high degree of autonomy cannot be effectively used by all nursing staff. Healthcare organizations start to apply ‘critical thinking’ into practice seeing it as a high level of specialist practice and competitive advantage in healthcare services. Also, critical thinking in nursing is concerned with those activities involved in recruiting of professional staff, training, and development within the healthcare infrastructure, namely the systems of planning, finance, medical service control, etc. which are crucially important to an strategic capability in all healthcare activities (Potter & Perry, 2005). Today, a special attention is given to proper function of medical staff and empowerment which helps to improve efficiency of medical practice. Critical thinking is one of the main requirements in modern service learning. In learning, â€Å"critical thinking [is] a reasoning process reflecting on ideas, actions, and decisions in clinical experience by the nursing student and others (Anaya et al 2003, p99). The advantages of critical thinking in nursing are fast response to changing conditions and environment and ability to apply recent technologies into practice. It increases confidence of nurses and level of healthcare services. Using critical thinking approach, nurses are able to shift the situation using these new creative approaches based on advanced relationships and inquiry. Also, it is strongly influenced by resources outside the healthcare organization which are an integral part of the chain of activities between the healthcare service design and the level of medial treatment (Sharp, 2000). Change is a threat to routine and their role in healthcare management. It is also true that many nurses do not know what their role is, and in recent years attempts have been made to clarify individual roles. Critical thinking is ‘a vital skill’ for nurses because it determines the style of management and leadership. Critical thinking can be interpreted as a response to the need to meet heightened customer expectations and face intensi ­fied technology solutions. Critical thinking encourages nurses to adopt a positive attitude and have personal involvement in service delivery. Also, it allows healthcare organization to expose nursing staff to new forms of service and management. Critical thinking is constructed on a rational basis and allows nurses respond to patients’ needs in an appropriate manner. For a modern nurse, it is crucial to be accountable to patients' families, and close friends who come to visit them. References 1.   Anaya, A., Doheny, M.O., Panthofer, N., Sedlak, C.A. (2003). Critical Thinking in Students' Service-Learning Experiences. College Teaching, 51 (3), 99-104. 2. Critical Thinking in Nursing The University of New Mexico (2007). Retrieved 31 May 2007, from   http://hsc.unm.edu/consg/conct/whatis.shtml 3.   Daniels, R. (2004). Nursing Fundamentals: Caring and Clinical Decision Making, Thomas Learning, Oregon. 4. Dreher, N., Macnaughton, N. (2002). Cultural competency in nursing: foundation or fallacy? Nursing Outlook, Sep-Oct; 50 (5):181-6. 5.   Durgahee, T. (2003). Higher level practice: degree of specialist practice? Nurse Education Today. Apr; 23 (3), 191-201. 6. Garrison, D.R., Morgan, D.H., Johnson, J.G. (2004). Thriving in chaos: Educating the nurse leaders of the future. Nursing Leadership Forum. Fall; 9 (1), 23-27. 7. Kozier B., Erb G., Berman A. & Snyder S. (2004). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice, New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc. 8. Potter, P. & Perry, A. (2005). Fundamentals of Nursing. Elsevier PTE LTD, Singapore. 9.   Sharp, Nancy. (April 2000). The 21st century belongs to nurse practitioners. Nurse Practitioner, p. 56 10. Sullivan, E.J., Decker, Ph. J. (2005). Effective leadership & Management in Nursing 6th ed. Pearson Hall.   

A Brief Note On Death And Dying Project - 1241 Words

Patricia Plumb Dr. Klingenberg Developmental Phycology 250 April 15, 2015 Death and Dying Project Every culture has their own way to deal with the dying and dead. Some like to bury their dead, some will cremate, and others will just leave the body in the open. Every culture has their own special and specific way to do things. Some might mourn and others will celebrate. In Vietnam when a person is about to die family comes and visits, this is the moment of silence. The olds son or daughter would then bend over to hear the persons last dying words. At this time the oldest member of the family would then suggest a new name for the person, because it is bad luck to keep the same name that you had when you where alive. Vietnamese men usually†¦show more content†¦The funeral would normally be held three days after the person had died. On the day of the funeral, friends and family would have a memorial dinner. Then, on the ninth day, when the soul is believed to leave the body, a special church service and dinner are held. Fourteen days after the person has died, the soul is said to depart for the other world, and a service and dinner party are again held. At every one of these parties, a glass of vodka covered by a piece of black bread is left for the deceased. This would be the opposite of the traditional Russian custom of breaking black bread when meeting someone for the first time. Traditionally the person’s body would lay untouched and uncovered for the three days until the burial; however, cremations are becoming more popular because of how inexpensive they are. People would wear weeds, or drab clothing in black, to prevent the dead from returning. Covering the head in a black kerchief and wearing black continues for 40 days after the death. People also cover mirrors, stop watches, and take the TV from the room where the body lies in wait. When the body is carried to be buried its carried with its legs extended forward and done so that no part of the body touches the house on its way out, because of the fear that the dead will return to their home and take someone with them. Lakota parents often say to their children, Be kind to your brother, for someday he will die. The