PROBATION PRACTICE IN ENGLAND Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PROBATION PRACTICE IN ENGLAND - Essay Example Institutionalized racism produces discriminatory effects on health through public policy, the physical environment, social and medical services and preventive health policy. The studies conducted by various organizations and individuals shows that the practice of racism is prevails in the criminal justice system also. There is recent evidence (from the 2000 British Crime Survey) that black and particularly Asian people are more likely than whites to say that the criminal justice system is effective in bringing offenders to justice, dealing with cases promptly and efficiently, and meeting the needs of crime victims. But at the same time Minority ethnic people were less confident that the system respected the rights of suspects and treated them fairly, and black respondents especially were less likely than whites to believe that the police treated witnesses well (Mirrlees-Black, 2001)(1). Whatever it is, it is important to explore the field of probation practice and the treatment of minority ethnic groups in the criminal justice system, to identify the criminogenic needs of black and Asian offenders, and to explore their views about probation supervision, and to inform decisions about appropriate service provision. Thereby we can have a deep look into the p... 1. Mirrlees-Black, C. (2001) Confidence in the Criminal Justice System: Findings from the 2000 British Crime Survey. Research Findings No. 137, London: Home Office. 2 Thereby we can have a deep look into the probation practice to diversity in working with these Black and Asians .Moreover we can corroborate the possibility that people from minority ethnic groups may be subject to disadvantageous treatment at all stages of the criminal justice process, even if this does not result from overt racist discrimination (Phillips and B rown, 1998).(2) Before going to explore the areas of diversities in the probation practice regarding the black and Asian offenders, it will be helpful to have look on the scope of probation practices and criminal justice system. Probation service and Criminal Justice System The National Probation Service is a law enforcement agency delivering community punishment, supervising offenders within terms set by courts & the parole board and working with offenders to reduce their re-offending & to protect the public. It is an integral part of the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is defined by government as:(3) (1)Home Office - police, prison and the probation service, 2) Lord Chancellor's Department - crown and magistrates' courts and court of appeal 3) Law Officers' department - crown prosecution and serious fraud office.This informal supervision was given a statutory basis by the Probation of Offenders Act 1907, which allowed courts to appoint and employ probation officers. They were required to advise, assist and befriend

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 15

Marketing - Essay Example In the food segment the Marks and Spencer’s company employs the following competitive moves so that it cab have an advantage over its rivals. First and foremost it changes its prices to suit the consumer’s purchasing power and this enables the company to have a temporary advantage over the other rivalry firms. Similarly the company makes further improvements in its food products differentiation and it also maintains good relationships with the suppliers. (Baryon 2006) In the industry this is a very strong force since the Marks and Spencer’s company’s food industry has strong brand images and this makes it very hard for the new entrants. The initial capital expenditures are very huge and the exiting companies are achieving their economies of scale by being global. Another threatening factor to the potential new entrants is the trade tariffs as well as the international regulations whereby they have to prove themselves to the foreign companies, customers and also suppliers. In the food industry the substitute food products belong to the other firms in the industry. The Marks and Spencer’s foods segment is highly affected by the price changes in the substitute food products. Since the more the substitute food products become available to the consumers then the demand of the food products from the Marks and Spencer’s company become more elastic. This further allows the consumers to have more alternatives in the market. However this is a moderate but weak force in the industry since the businesses and also individuals wish to use other cheaper food products. A close substitute food product in the industry further constraints the company’s ability to raise its prices. On the other hand there is a lot of price competition in the industry especially in the food substitutes. Most of the consumers in Marks and Spencer’s foods consider the suitability as well as the nutritive value

Why dog food quality matters Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Why dog food quality matters - Research Paper Example Many famous personalities are seen to have publicly endorse the keeping of dogs and other animals. An important part of the care of the dogs is providing them with adequate nutrition and the quality of the food given to them should be maintained. When it comes to the nutritional needs and shelter necessities of the animal, then the crucial task of getting what is best for the dog lies ahead. Different dogs have different needs and not to mention even the same breed of dogs can differ in their demands. Pet owners face difficulty in choosing things that are best for their dog and suit them accordingly. Dog food is another major issue that the owners have to be careful about. In the market there are various sorts of brands and products available that claim to be the best for household dogs but can actually cause more harm than good to the canine kept. The basic key of it all is understanding the needs of the dog and then catering to it accordingly. It is seen that dogs might be different in needs, so it is necessary that the dog in question is not a test subject rather the keepers should know what it wants and why does it want that. Every dog owner faces nutritional need questions and has a hard time figuring out what exactly d oes the pet want to survive and perform at its best. While any dog food can cater to the canine hunger, there are some specific things to be kept in mind that help in establishing a good health. Dogs need proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals to survive. (National Research Council 2). All of these are needed in the canine system so that it actively performs and does not get ill or is susceptible to illness. The second most important thing is keeping a check of when to feed the dog kept in the household. Most dogs are trained into asking for food when they get hungry and owners usually establish timings for feeding but keep in mind that do not over feed or under feed the canine as it can impact the health and over all

Elements of Rock Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elements of Rock Music - Essay Example Since that time, rock has been into existence and has formed strong influence in the society, especially amongst the youths. Rock gained its popularity following the appealing nature to the white youths or teenagers who considered it a new, fresh, interesting and exciting form of music as opposed to the music of old days that was enjoyed by their grandparents, as well as their parents (Kenny, 39). Relevant to the above, it is of crucial significance to note that there are several elements responsible for making rock music to be as appealing, exciting and interesting as it is today.  Ã‚  Sounds are one of the elements that make rock music as outstanding as it is today. Typical rock music is always associated with four sounds (Scarufi, 25). The first sound in any typical rock music is always the voice. In some situations, rock music always features solo voice. The voice of the singer or soloist who is always associated with rock music is always amplified. This is very important in ma king the voice to become loud. Such loud voice is critical in capturing the audience. The second sound in any typical rock music is always the guitar (Charlton, 29). Bass forms the third sound, and goes together with the guitar. Guitars are always stringed instruments used in producing certain rhythmic sounds. Guitars are always electric, similar to the bass. It is important to note that in rock music, the electric guitar can always assume two different forms. These include distorted forms as well as clean forms.

Performance management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance management - Dissertation Example The project aims to bring forth how performance management has evolved as a necessary tool in improving and enhancing productivity of employees in organizations. The organization chosen for the study is Saudi Telecom Company.Saudi Arabia has demonstrated rapid demographic changes which accounts as its main determinant of political and economic stability. In particular, it is the ability of a nation to develop its human resources that determines the success of its organizations in the long run. The main purpose of the study is to show that employee performance in Saudi Telecom has increased and has improved by the implementation of its system of performance management. Saudi Arabia represents the largest proportion of nationals in the nation’s labor force. The presence of a huge proportion of the population in the labour force of Saudi Arabia is one major reason for organisations to practice and implement performance management (Looney, 1991). Saudi Telecom Company is considere d to be the leading national provider of telecommunication services in Saudi Arabia. Established in the year 1998, the company has gradually transformed its business from that of a government system to a recognised commercial business. The company’s clear emphasis on strategies focuses on reorganisation and the development and re-skilling of its staff and the development of processes to cater to meeting its customer needs and requirements (Saudi Telecom Company, 2011). ... The company also enables managers from other organisations to take part in the program for developing and improving their own performance (South Texas College, 2006, p.26). The present research seeks to understand the effectiveness of the system on the performance of employees and the organisation. The performance would be evaluated in the areas of human resources, financial issues, management and leaderships, organisation behaviour, communication and personal development. Research Question The research question for the study has been provided below. To what extent has the performance of employees improved in Saudi Telecom Company by implementation of the system of performance management? There is a positive relationship between performance and productivity of employees in organizations. The answer to this question would reveal the extent to which this purpose can be fulfilled. It would also throw light on the fact that business goals and objectives can be met through the implementat ion of proper performance management plans. Moreover, the answer would help the organization to plan its system of performance appraisal. The result of the study would help to identify areas which need to be addressed due to poor performance and also the areas of good performance which need to be improved. The results would also help to recognize and reward the performance of employees (Kota, n.d., p.16). Research Aims and Objectives The research paper would deal with the impact of performance management in the performance of employees in Saudi Telecom. In this regard, it would present different aspects of performance management and the way it influences performance of individuals. Based on the research question that

Quit Smoking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quit Smoking - Research Paper Example Experimentation with smoking, which can be unpleasant at first for some, is followed by adaptation to the taste and to the pleasurable and rewarding sensations, as well as by behavioral associations experienced by the novice beginner in nicotine dependence, in the later age. Smoking experimentation is often associated with the search for one’s personality and place in the adult world, which occurs just before puberty hits in (NIDA, pp 27-28). Smoking gradually becomes habit and the habit becomes addiction. It also starts as a peer pressure, or having friends who smoke or just liking the second hand smoke. â€Å"In a sense, then, parts of our brains are working against us when we try to overcome bad habits. These routines can become hardwired in our brains,† says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of NIH’s National Institute on Drug Abuse. â€Å"And the brain’s reward centers keep us craving the things we’re trying so hard to resist†, adds Dr Volkov (NIH). Smoking tobacco is both a psychological habit and a physical addiction. The psychological factors associated with smoking are that cigarettes relieve a smoker from stress, depression, loneliness, or anxiety. It becomes physically addicted to the smoker because you need it after every meal or coffee, at party, along with alcohol or gambling or just because your friends are smoking at an outing. Hence, physical habit and psychological addiction, a deadly combination stops you from quitting. Several diseases have been liked to smoking; coronary heart disease, stroke, lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease are just to name a few. Needless to say, they all bring you closer to death. So the next best thing is to quit, and quit for good. Whether you are a teen smoker or a lifetime pack-a-day smoker, quitting can be tough. There are many things that can assist you in quitting which money can buy, but there is one thing Master Card ® cannot buy: it’s your will

Purhsing Paper Can Be Fun Essay Example for Free

Purhsing Paper Can Be Fun Essay Question: What Performance problems is the captain trying to correct. Ans: 1 Poor Reporting Performance among the employees. Question: Use the MARS model of individual behavior and performance to diagnose the possible causes of the unacceptable behavior. Ans: 2 Possible causes for the unacceptable behavior is as follows: MARS Model: There are four main factors that directly influence an employee’s voluntary behavior and resulting performance. Employee Motivation: There was no clear motivation for employees to do their job perfectly as required. Motivation does not mean only financial motivation; people are motivated not only with money but also with an appreciation by the leaders of the company is enough to motivate them and pump in the force required to do the job with intensity. Captain must have set some goals which on achieving, the employees get recognition through an appreciation letter at least from the higher ranked personnel in the organization, keeping in mind that he was under the budget crunch which limited him in motivating employees by rewarding them financially. Ability: Analyzing the employees based on their capabilities was one of the cause. You will find some people whose interest is in doing the office work, captain should have recognize the skills and knowledge and segregate the work within depending on their capabilities. Coaching was also missing by the captain. Role Perceptions: They were aware about the consequences for inadequately doing the reporting as they were having issues when the case reached the court. Captain should have given them priorities from their various responsibilities by explaining them that the what matters is the quality of the work and not quantity. This would have helped them to improve. Situational Factors: As captain explained they set-up the team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the leaders were not committed and none of them were receiving any type of rewards for winning the competition. Leadership is responsible for the well-being of the employee in the company so they need to be committed. Question: Has the captain considered all the possible solutions to the problem? IF not what else might be done? Ans: NO What else can be done is as follows: 1. Task related trainings should be provided to strengthen the capabilities of the employees. 2. Improved Employee Engagement should be done, by recognizing the best employees, rewarding them which will boost their moral and they will feel that they are an integral part of the team. He can set-up a mechanism, like Employee of the Month Award and can display it in the office. 3. Coaching is also an important aspect of the leader, as a leader he should coach his team as and when required.